Increasing the rate of an impulse is the function of the
myelin sheath
Receiving signals from the environment or other neurons and carrying the information toward the cell body is a function of the
dendrites
Abnormal levels of __________ may lead to Alzheimer’s disease
acetylcholine
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) assists in
regulating eating behavior and how we respond to stress
The human nervous system includes __________ of individual neurons that assist with __________ communication
billions . . . internal
The __________ is a thin fiber that carries signals away from the cell body
axon
During synaptic transmission, neurotransmitters release from one neuron and attach to a neighboring cell on the
neural receptors
Found throughout the nervous system, __________ aid and support the function of neurons
glia
When the body experiences pain and intense exercise, it releases
endorphins
Which of the following is a major excitatory neurotransmitter
glutamate
Explain how glia function within the nervous system
Supply nourishment to neurons
Help remove waste from neurons
Provide insulation around many axons
Help remove waste from neurons
Provide insulation around many axons
all of the following could be linked to glia except
tripping while walking down stairs
Abnormal levels of __________ are linked to depression and eating disorders
serotonin
Abnormal levels of _________ are linked to migraines, seizures, and schizophrenia
glutamate
The __________ are the branches at the end of the axon
axon terminals
A neural __________ or, chemical messenger, travels across the synapse and binds to a neural __________
transmitter…receptor
Abnormal levels of __________ are linked to anxiety and depression
norepinephrine
Carrying signals away from the cell body and towards other neurons, muscles, and glands is a function of the __________
axon
Producing energy that fuels the activities of the cell is a function of the
cell body
Neurons communicate with each other through
synaptic transmission
The nervous system is composed of __________ or nerve cells
neurons
Where is the brain located
in the skull
Heart rate, digestion, breathing, and perspiration are all controlled by which part of the peripheral nervous system
the autonomic nervous system
Which of the following best describes the function of nerves
They carry sensory and motor impulses
Which kinds of nerves are found in the peripheral nervous system
spinal and cranial nerves
The sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system work together to maintain a stable
internal state
What are the main components of the central nervous system?
brain and spinal cord
Which of the following best describes the function of the brain?
It provides the interpretative power that dictates how to behave.
Which of the following best describes the function of the sympathetic nervous system?
It arouses the body and expends energy
Which of the following is the best example of the function of the peripheral nervous system?
It connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body.
Controlling voluntary skeletal muscles is a function of the __________ nervous system.
somatic
About how many neurons are in the brain?
100 billion
The __________ nervous system is comprised of the brain and spinal cord
central
Control of glands and the muscles of internal organs is a function of the __________ nervous system.
autonomic
The nerves of the somatic nervous system connects to which two parts of the body?
skeletal muscles and sensory receptors
Which nervous system is comprised of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems?
the peripheral nervous system
Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions can be found in the __________ nervous system.
autonomic
Which of the following best describes the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
It calms the body and conserves energy.
What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
What are the two main components of the nervous system?
the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
The __________ receives information from the visual and auditory senses
midbrain
Regulating unconscious biological functions is a function of the
medulla
The outermost layer of the brain, the __________, is housed in the cerebrum
cerebral cortex
The __________ is the innermost region of the brain.
brainstem
Aiding in emotional processing and arousal functions are functions of the
thalamus
The organ that acts as the control center for the body
Brain; Brain processes allow us to coordinate movement, process information, and interact with the world around us
The anterior region of the brain that is comprised of the cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus
forebrain; The forebrain is the largest and most complex region of the brain.
The region of the brainstem that is located between the forebrain and hindbrain
midbrain; Before our brain can fully integrate our audio and visual sensory information, it must first be projected through the midbrain.
The region of the brain that is located underneath the forebrain and the midbrain.
hindbrain; The hindbrain contains all of the structures positioned lowest in the brain
The largest part of the forebrain that is responsible for the integration of sensory and neural functions
cerebrum; The cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres and houses the cerebral cortex
The brain structure that serves as the main input center for most sensory information.
thalamus; All incoming sensory information is sorted through the thalamus and sent to the higher brain centers for further processing
The innermost region of the brain that includes structures of the midbrain and hindbrain.
brainstem; The brainstem plays a very important role in the conduction of neural impulses up to the brain, as it is where the reticular formation is found.
Brain structure located in the hindbrain that is largely responsible for unconscious biological functions
medulla; Biological functions regulated by the medulla include breathing, heart and blood vessel activity, swallowing, vomiting, and sneezing.
Structure located in the hindbrain that connects the brainstem to the cerebellum.
pons; The pons is adequately named from the Latin term for “bridge” because it connects the brainstem to the cerebellum.
Brain structure located at the back portion of the brainstem
cerebellum; Hand-eye coordination is one example of the function of the cerebellum
Which of the following make up the three regions of the brain?
forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain
The __________ is considered the seat of complex thought.
cerebrum
The __________ is located between the forebrain and hindbrain.
midbrain
The __________connects the brainstem and the cerebellum
medulla
