Students’ Questions Answered by Our Experts

Robert Hooke discovered cells in cork in 1665, which led to his establishment of the cell theory. The cell theory states that all organisms are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells.

In the early 1800s, Romanticism began to take hold as a reaction against the austerity of the Neoclassical period. However, by the mid-19th century, Realism had emerged as a more sophisticated style that incorporated many of the same ideas as Romanticism.

Renaissance writings express realism by using techniques such as perspective and chiaroscuro to create a more lifelike image.

Albrecht Durer represented the trend of naturalism in German culture. This is evident in his detailed and realistic paintings and drawings which often depicted landscapes and animals.

Charles Darwin was an English naturalist who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection.

Robert Koch was a German physician who discovered the bacteria that caused anthrax and tuberculosis. He also developed the Koch’s postulates, a series of four guidelines used to identify the causative agent of a disease.

Although Lamarck proposed some correct ideas about evolution, he was incorrect about how species evolve. He thought that traits acquired during an organism’s lifetime could be passed on to its offspring.

Galen based his drawings of the human body on his observations of animals, particularly monkeys.

Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian painter, sculptor, architect, musician, scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist, and writer. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest painters of all time and perhaps the most diversely talented person ever to have lived.

The first group of poets to react against realism were the imagists. The imagists believed that the use of concrete images was the best way to create a poem. The second group of poets to react against realism were the symbolists. The symbolists believed that the use of symbols was the best way to create a poem.