Students’ Questions about History Page 13

Marcus Aurelius was a Roman Emperor from 161-180. He was the last of the Five Good Emperors, and is also considered one of the most important Stoic philosophers.

Sigmund Freud attempted to understand the areas of human consciousness and the human unconscious.

Marcus Aurelius ruled Rome from 161 to 180 and is best known for his Stoic philosophy.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a French philosopher, writer, and composer of the 18th century. His political philosophy influenced the French Revolution and the development of modern political, economic and educational thought.

Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst.

Voltaire’s ideas about democracy and freedom of speech influenced the American Revolution. He also wrote about the corrupting influence of absolute power, which was a major issue for the colonists.

Socrates believed that knowledge is a matter of understanding eternal truths, and that the best life is one lived in accordance with those truths.

Voltaire’s views on the importance of freedom of speech and freedom of religion had a significant influence on the framers of the U.S. Constitution.

John Dewey was an American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform.

Judith Butler is an American philosopher who has contributed to the fields of gender studies, feminism, and political philosophy.