Students’ Questions about History Page 28

John Locke’s ideas about natural rights and the social contract influenced the French Revolution. His ideas about the government’s role in protecting these rights were adopted by the revolutionaries.

Lao Tzu felt that the way of the Tao was the way of nature, and that by aligning with it, one could achieve a state of harmony and balance.

Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher who is best known for his work in ethics and aesthetics.

The German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche announced “God is dead” because he believed that the concept of God was no longer relevant or useful in the modern world.

John Stuart Mill believed that the government should get involved in the economy in order to ensure that the economy functions properly and to protect the rights of citizens.

Confucius said that people should speak about themselves in a way that is humble and reserved.

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Karl Marx believed that under capitalism, the working class would suffer while the rich continued to get richer. He believed that this would eventually lead to a revolution, where the working class would overthrow the rich and establish a communist society.

Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and scientist who lived in the 4th century BCE. He is considered one of the most important figures in the history of Western thought.

Karl Marx thought the lower classes needed to develop class consciousness and a revolutionary party in order to end their oppression.