Science

Charles Darwin was an English naturalist who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection.

Robert Koch was a German physician who discovered the bacteria that caused anthrax and tuberculosis. He also developed the Koch’s postulates, a series of four guidelines used to identify the causative agent of a disease.

Although Lamarck proposed some correct ideas about evolution, he was incorrect about how species evolve. He thought that traits acquired during an organism’s lifetime could be passed on to its offspring.

Galen based his drawings of the human body on his observations of animals, particularly monkeys.

Robert Hooke provided evidence for the cell theory.

William Harvey’s discovery of the circulation of blood in the body greatly advanced the study of physiology.

Carl Linnaeus was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who formalized the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as the “father of modern taxonomy.”

Theodor Schwann was a German physiologist who discovered the process of digestion and coined the term metabolism. He also discovered the cells that make up the nervous system and showed that all plants and animals are composed of cells.

One flawed theory of Claudius Galen was that all diseases were caused by an imbalance of the four humors: black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood. Another was that the body was made up of elements that were in a continual state of struggle for supremacy.

Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace independently discovered the process of natural selection.