The central nervous system (CNS) consists of
the brain and spinal cord.
The epidural space contains
loose connective tissue, blood vessels, and adipose tissue.
In a subdural hematoma resulting from a blow to the head, blood accumulates between the
dura mater and arachnoid mater.
An inflammation of the meninges called meningitis usually affects the
arachnoid mater and pia mater.
Most cerebrospinal fluid is secreted from the choroid plexuses in the
lateral ventricles.
The fourth ventricle is in the
brainstem.
Which of the following lists the parts of a reflex arc in the correct sequence?
Receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector
Reflexes help to control
all of the above
Stephanie is in a car accident, flung from her vehicle and landing on her back on pavement. At the scene, an emergency medical technician checks her Babinski reflex, in which the great toe extends upward and the smaller toes fan apart. This reflex
may indicate an injury to the corticospinal tract.
The expected response to the triceps-jerk reflex is
extension of the forearm.
Gray matter of the spinal cord is mostly composed of
interneurons.
The corticospinal tracts control
voluntary muscle movements.
If the right lateral spinothalamic tract is severed,
pain impulses from the left side are blocked.
If the left corticospinal tract is severed in the neck near the first cervical vertebra,
muscles in the left arm and leg are paralyzed.
The spinal cord has
all of the above
All reflexes have
a reflex arc.
The simplest level of CNS function is the
spinal reflex.
Over the course of several months, Morris has experienced difficulty speaking coherently, clumsiness, muscle fasciculations, and increasing weakness in his limbs. These symptoms are most consistent with those of
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
A soldier suffers a brain injury, and becomes unable to speak. The damage is likely in
Broca’s area.
Which lobe of your brain are you using when you answer this question?
Frontal
Which of the following is not a part of the diencephalon?
Anterior pituitary gland
Which of the following parts of the mature brain develops from the forebrain?
Thalamus
The ___________ separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum.
transverse fissure
Which of the following is not a function of the hypothalamus?
Control of postural reflexes
Spina bifida is a(n)
all of the above
Aphasia is loss of the ability to
speak.
Interruption of blood flow to the brain that can damage the cerebrum is called a
cerebrovascular accident.
Brain waves are recordings of activity in the
cerebral cortex.
Which of the following terms and definitions is correct?
cerebral cortex-a thin layer of gray matter forming the outermost part of the cerebrum
Basal ganglia are located in the ______ and ______.
deep regions of the cerebral hemispheres; aid in control of motor activities
The somatic nervous system consists of nerve fibers that connect the CNS to the ______, whereas the autonomic nervous system consists of fibers that connect the ______.
skin and skeletal muscles; CNS to the visceral organs
Over a lifetime, the brain shrinks by about ___ percent.
10
Brain waves during sleep are ____ waves.
delta
The arbor vitae is in the cerebrum.
False
Spinal nerves are grouped and named according to function.
False
The ________ are membranes between the CNS and its bony coverings.
meninges
The interconnected, fluid-filled cavities in the brain are called ______.
ventricles
The ______ system of the brain causes feelings about experiences.
limbic
The _______ division of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for energy-expending, stressful situations.
sympathetic
By age ___, the frontal cortex has lost half its neurons.
90
There are ___________ pairs of spinal nerves.
31
Masses of gray matter deep in the cerebral hemisphere.
basal ganglia
10 of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves originate from the _____.
brain stem
Coordination of skeletal muscles
cerebellum
Relays information to other parts of the brain and respiratory center
pons
Functions as the control center for vital visceral activities like the cardiac and vasomotor center
medulla oblongata
Connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord
brain stem
Learning, memory, thought
cerebrum
Contains reflex centers – visual, and auditory
midbrain
Regulation of heart rate, blood pressure, sleep, body temperature, etc.
diencephalon
Largest part of a mature brain; 7/8 of the total mass
cerebrum
Located between the cerebral hemispheres and above the brainstem
diencephalon
Located between the diencephalon and the pons
midbrain
Enlarged continuation of the spinal cord
medulla oblongata
Inferior to occipital lobes of the cerebrum and posterior to the pons
cerebellum
A bulge on the underside of the brainstem
pons
Outer layer of meninges
dura mater
Watery fluid that cushions the brain and spinal cord
cerebrospinal fluid
Innermost thin layer that aids in nourishment
pia mater
Thin, web-like middle layer that lacks blood vessels
arachnoid mater
Located in the subarachnoid space of the menings
cerebrospinal fluid
Forms the internal periosteum of surrounding skull bones
dura mater
Location of choroid plexuses
pia mater
olfactory (I)
associated with sense of smell
optic (II)
associated with sense of vision
trochlear (IV)
the smallest cranial nerve
trigeminal (V)
transmits impulses from the surface of the eye, upper teeth, and scalp
abducens (VI)
moves the eyes
facial (VII)
taste receptors of the anterior tongue
vestibulocochlear (VIII)
acoustic nerves
glossopharyngeal (IX)
associated with tongue and pharynx
vagus (X)
associated with speech and swallowing
hypoglossal (XII)
moves the tongue in speaking, chewing and swallowing
nerve is responsible for vision
optic
nerve controls most of the eye muscles
oculomotor
nerve controls chewing
trigeminal
nerve is active when someone smiles
facial
nerve is responsible for taste sensations on the posterior two-thirds of the tongue
glossopharyngeal
nerve helps regulate heart rate
vagus
plexus controls the upper limb muscles
brachial
sensory
dorsal root
largest and longest nerve in the body
sciatic
Which of the following are descending tracts in the spinal cord?
None of these is correct.
Which of the following parts of the mature brain develops from the forebrain?
thalamus
A deep bridge of nerve fibers that connects the cerebral hemispheres.
corpus callosum
Traumatic brain injury is caused by
all of these
The left hemisphere is dominant in ____% of right handed adults.
90
Reflex that helps to maintain an upright posture.
patellar
The cerebral cortex contains nearly _____% of all the neurons cell bodies in the nervous system
75
The convolutions on the cerebrum’s surface is called______.
gyrus
