In The House of the Spirits by Isabel Allende, the struggles between the lower and upper classes are symbolized through the characters’ experiences. Throughout the novel at Tres Marias, Esteban and the tenants represent the Elite and working class, highlighting the advantages and hardships of their social ranks. However, there are also individuals like Blanca and Pedro who challenge societal expectations. Being part of the upper class, Esteban avoids punishment, showcasing the benefits compared to those in the lower class.
Esteban had his way with the daughters of his workers and managed to impregnate about half of them without taking responsibility. “The peasants hid their daughters and clenched their fists helplessly because they could not confront him. Esteban Trueba was stronger, and he had impunity.” (2. 74) The workers have no say in his actions as he is the Patron and can run them off the land; those of the working class cannot confront the upper class since they employ them. Blanca Trueba and Pedro Tercero face the social rules imposed by society that disallow the marriage of two people from different social classes.
Blanca and Pedro, individuals from contrasting social backgrounds, were compelled to conceal their affection as they grew older. Blanca assured Pedro that they would wed in the future, but Pedro understood the impracticality of this promise. He gazed at her sorrowfully, bearing the wisdom of an elderly person, and disapproved. Despite both social classes yearning for equal treatment, Blanca and Pedro’s love showcases the disgrace linked with class divisions. Notwithstanding their mutual ambitions, opposition against their union persisted.
Nivea de Valle, Clara’s mother, would visit factories and give speeches about women’s rights. Despite her concerns for politics, Nivea, like others in the upper class, did not have to worry about labor. Clara observed this stark contrast between her mother and her friends, who spoke of oppression, equality, and rights while wearing luxurious fur coats and suede boots. Meanwhile, they addressed a group of hardworking women in denim aprons, with red hands from chilblains. Although Clara had feminist views, the working women in the factories were focused on more immediate concerns like earning money for shelter, medicine, and food. This novel explores the clashes between social classes through the lives of its characters. Esteban, though he came from poverty, represents the high class and their attitudes towards the working class. Despite striving for women’s rights, Nivea is unable to reach the working women due to her rank. Isabel Allende not only depicts the struggles of three generations of women but also the conflicts between social classes.
