Students’ Questions about History Page 25

Confucius emphasized five cardinal relationships: those between ruler and subject, father and son, husband and wife, older and younger brother, and friends.

John Locke is known for his work on philosophy and political theory. In particular, he is known for his work on the social contract theory.

Karl Marx believed that workers in a capitalist economy experience alienation because they are not able to control their own labor. They are also paid based on their labor, not on their worth as human beings.

All three of these sociologists are considered to be founding fathers of sociology. They all wrote extensively on social theory and did groundbreaking research in the field.

Aristotle suggested that feelings such as spite, envy, and shamelessness were natural and normal.

Aristotle believed that a person could come to know universal truths through the process of induction. This is when a person looks at many specific examples and then draws a conclusion about a general principle.

Karl Marx believed that society was divided between the bourgeoisie, who owned the means of production, and the proletariat, who were forced to sell their labor for a wage. He believed that the proletariat would eventually overthrow the bourgeoisie, leading to a classless society.

King Alexander III of Macedon, more commonly known as Alexander the Great, was tutored by Aristotle.

According to Kierkegaard, Christians must live in a state of anguish because they are constantly in a state of becoming. They are never able to rest in their current state, but are always striving to become more Christ-like.

Karl Marx was known for his work on communist theory. He was also known for his criticism of capitalism.