Students’ Questions about History Page 26

Surplus value is created by the difference between the value of labor and the value of the goods produced by that labor.

Aristotle advocated for two classes of motion: natural and violent.

Michel Foucault is one of the most important postmodern thinkers. He has contributed a lot to our understanding of power, knowledge, and subjectivity.

Ralph Waldo Emerson was an American essayist, lecturer, and poet who led the transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century.

Aristotle distinguished between natural motion and violent motion. Natural motion is self-caused and persistent, while violent motion is externally caused and transient.

Plato and Aristotle were both Greek philosophers.

Ralph Waldo Emerson believed in the power of the individual and in the importance of living in harmony with nature.

Immanuel Kant developed the ethical system of deontology, which states that an action is only morally good if it is done for the sake of duty.

Karl Marx’s ideas inspired the Bolshevik Party, which seized control of the government in the Russian Revolution of 1917.

Thomas Aquinas was a 13th century Italian Dominican friar and Catholic priest. He is an immensely influential philosopher, theologian, and jurist in the tradition of scholasticism, within which he is also known as the Doctor Angelicus and the Doctor Communis.