I will first explore what is Mental Health by assessing the book Behavioral Science and Mental Health a study by the National Institute of Mental Health: Chevy Chase Maryland, and the book Breaking the Cycle of Fear; a review of the relationship between Mental Health Services and African and Caribbean Communities; published by Ginsburg Centre for Mental Health, London England. After laying this foundation, I will continue by introducing findings from a Journal Article: Psychiatric Workers perception of Demonstrativeness’s of the Mentally ill in Government Hospitals in Jamaica by Pushy A. Et al. And I will also look at a scholarly article Demonstrativeness’s and attitudes towards Mental illness in Jamaica; a qualitative study by Hackling F. W. And a report By the World Health Organization on the treatment of Mental Health in Jamaica. Annotated Bibliography Rubberiest A. E. (1 967), Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health: An Anthology of program Reports In this book of program reports Rubberiest provides selected portions of program reports, from 25 anthology reports to be precise.
They are intended to reflect the scope of the National Institute of Mental Health of Maryland USA, research training and service programs on the issue of Mental Health. The reports look first at the issue of behavior of the very young. How they change heir behavior and how behavior develops. The report also includes how the brain works, how people learn, how biological factors shape behavior and how personal and cultural factors shape behavior. Rubberiest writes very thoroughly on how behavior develops and makes the book very interesting.
He states that “our knowledge of behavior comes from the interdisciplinary work of scientists in many fields such as theology, zoology, anthropology and psychology etc. The work is very interesting and is a reflection of real life. Keating F. (2002), Breaking the circles of Fear: A review of the relationship teen Mental Health Services and African and Caribbean communities Keating looks at the relationship between the Black communities and Mental Health services where there are truly circles of fear.
Keating states that Black people mistrust and oftentimes fear services. He continues by stating that Mental Health service staff is also often wary of their patients within the communities and this may be a hindrance to the demonstrativeness’s of Mental Health program. Staff at the community level sometimes is fearful of criticism and don’t know how to respond to and are especially fearful of young men. This cycle is fuelled by class, prejudice, misunderstanding, misconception and sometimes fear.
Keating says that in black communities we deliver expensive poor quality Mental Health Services that do not match the needs and aspirations of the clients and their families. I believe this book by Keating is a major step forward in the demonstrativeness’s of the Mental Health System. It will assist in breaking the circle of fear, turning the problem around and creating solutions that are owned and led by the community itself, and so allowing the institutionalizing program to be successfully implemented.
Pushy-Murray A. , Hewitt H. , Jones K, Psychiatric Workers Perception of Demonstrativeness’s of the Mentally Ill in Government Hospitals in Jamaica, International Journal of Nursing Science, Viol. 4 No. 2, 2014, up. 26-31. In this brief study the authors try to investigate the perception that psychiatric workers in Government Hospitals in Jamaica have concerning demonstrativeness’s of patient care for the mentally ill. The design used to formulate the study was a qualitative descriptive study.
In the study the authors investigates the themes of Family bonding; stigma and discrimination; community reaction/unpreserved; regression of patients; inadequate community resources; absence and noncompliance with medication; caregivers coping mechanism; benefits of denationalizations care and mental health officers roles. The article points out that demonstrativeness’s in Jamaica began in the asses and overtime Hospitalized patients have decreased. In 1960 there were 3094 psychiatric patients in the islands only Mental Health hospital and currently there are approximately 900 hospitalized patients, Hackling & Gibson (2005).
The authors continue to point out that most (60%) of the hospitalized patients are over the age of 65 years, Hackling, & Gibson (2005). It is purported that there are three component processes in demonstrativeness’s, Baccarat (1976). The processes are the release of persons residing in psychiatric hospitals to alternative facilities in the community; the diversion of potential new admissions to alternative facilities; and the development of specific services for the care of a non institutionalized mentally ill population, Baccarat (1976).
In Jamaica it has been demonstrated that demonstrativeness’s provides individualized care for mentally ill patients for a diverse and heterogeneous group of people. However for demonstrativeness’s to work successfully, service planning must be tailored to the needs of individuals, Sertorius (1992). Hackling F. W. Robertson-Hackling H, Paisley V. Demonstrativeness’s and attitudes toward Mental illness in Jamaica: a qualitative study. Rev Panama Salad Publics. 011 ; The study shows that in 1862, the “Lunatic Asylum” was built in Jamaica; it was renamed “Bellevue Hospital” in 1947. Bellevue Mental Hospital served as the sole Eng- stay facility and primary source of inpatient mental health care for several decades, until demonstrativeness’s was enforced in 1972. The objective of this study is to consider whether or not demonstrativeness’s and the integration of community mental health care with primary health care services have reduced stigma toward mental illness in Jamaica. The methods used in the study was a qualitative.
Participant responses indicated that Bellevue Mental Hospital represents a negative model of mental health care and illness and is the basis on which much stigma was founded. In addition, participants associated being committed to this custodial institution with irrevocable madness. The results of the study was that participant narratives showed that stigma had transitioned from negative to positive, from avoidance and fear of violent behavior during the period of demonstrativeness’s to feelings of compassion and kindness as community mental health services were integrated with Jamaican primary health care system.
The Bellevue Hospital and Homelessness were identified as major causes of stigma. The conclusions of the study were that attitudes towards the mentally ill have improved and stigmas has decreased since the increase of community involvement with the mentally ill. This reduction in stigma seems to be a result of the rigorous demonstrativeness’s process and the development of a robust community mental health service in Jamaica.
WHO-AIMS Report on Mental Health System in Jamaica: a report of the assessment of the Mental health system in Jamaica using the World Health Organization- Assessment instrument for Mental Health Systems (WHO-AIMS) Kingston, Jamaica (2009). Retrieved from http://www. Who. Into/mental_heath/evidence/WHO-AlMS/en/index. Tm February 23, 2015. This report states that there is a national mental health authority on the island provides advice to the government on mental health policies and legislation.
It states that the mental health authority is also involved in service planning, service management, coordination, monitoring and quality assessment. The mental health services are organized in terms of geographic areas, where each person in the population can have access to mental health care as near as possible to their place of residence. As a result of demonstrativeness’s there have now become 139 outpatient mental health facilities in the country, of which 9% are for children and adolescents.
These facilities treat 1035 users per 100,000. Of all the users treated in the outpatient facilities forty-five (45%) are females and nineteen percent (19%) are children and adolescents. The users treated in outpatient facilities are primarily diagnosed with Schizophrenia (51%) and Mood Affective Disorder (36%). The average number of contacts per user is approximately 3 times per year and all the mental health outpatient facilities have at least one psychotropic medicine of each therapeutic class.
