Essays on Physical chemistry Page 3

Antigens usually bind to the side chain of the antigen binding site of the antibody, which may either be a protein, polypeptide or lipid. Antigens and antibody interactions are mediated by non-covalent bonds such as electrostatic forces, van der Waals forces and hydrophobic forces. Binding mediated by this type of bonds produces a reversible reaction….

Diels Alder reactions fall under the pericyclic reaction category, where a cyclic rearrangement of bonding electrons occurs. This means that bond breaking and reforming happen instantly. As there are no intermediates involved, this reaction takes place in one step, making it stereospecific. Hence, substituents cannot undergo any changes. Once the experiment is finished, colorless platelike…

Abstract: A mixture of Fluorene (1) and Fluorenone (2) was separated by column chromatography. Chemical Equation: Fluorene (1)Fluorenone (2) Mp 114? Cmp 83? C MW 166. 22MW 180. 21 Introduction: Column chromatography was invented by Tswett in 1906 so that his study of the chemistry of chlorophyll could be facilitated. Tswett made significant advances in…

“As we shall see, it is generally believed that the phenomenon of superfluidity is directly connected with the fact that the atoms of helium-4 obey Bose statistics, and that the lambda-transition is due to the onset of the peculiar phenomenon called Bose condensation” (Leggett, 1989). This is the phenomenon wherein the bosons (a type of…

Qualitative analysis is used in the determination of the identity of a substance. It is different from quantitative analysis, which deals with the determination of the amount of a substance. In this experiment, qualitative analysis techniques are used to determine whether or not a sample contains a certain ion. When using this method, an unknown…

The lab’s objective is to brominate trans-stilbene using a mixture of acetic acid and pyrimidium tribromide through refluxing. The resulting product’s purity will be determined by measuring its melting point, which is anticipated to be around 240 ºC. Furthermore, a flame test will be performed to observe a green-blue color. The following table presents the…

Introduction: To acquire the consistent results in biomedical research, familial stableness is indispensable and it is achieved via cryopreservation technique. Technique of cryopreservation involves the saving of feasible cells, populating tissues, gametes, embryos, variety meats and besides some beings on chilling at low sub-zero temperatures, characteristically at -196A°C for a drawn-out clip to implement the…

To ensure safety, it is important to always wear safety glasses and prevent any acid from being dropped. Moreover, for a fair experiment, it is crucial to use chips that are of equal size, quantity, and have similar mass. This will guarantee uniformity in the experiment and produce comparable outcomes. Neglecting these precautions may result…

Academic Integrity Statement: “Experimental informations may be collected with other pupils in organic chemical science labs. However I understand that sharing information required for a lab study ( including but non limited to word processing or spreadsheet files. computations. graphs. decisions and extra jobs at the terminal of the lab study ) with other pupils…

Remember that when using such small amounts, it is extremely important that the equipment that you use is very clean. If the equipment is “dirty,” the solutions will become contaminated, and it is possible that you will identify the contaminant rather than the unknown. To avoid cross contamination, make sure to recap reagent bottles with…