Indo-Russian dealingss refer to the bilateral dealingss between the Republic of India and the Russian Federation. During the Cold War. India and the Soviet Union ( USSR ) enjoyed a strong strategic. military. economic and diplomatic relationship. After the prostration of the USSR. Russia inherited the stopping point relationship with India. even as India improved its dealingss with the West after the terminal of the Cold War. Traditionally. the Indo-Russian strategic partnership has been built on five major constituents these are. political. defense mechanism. civil Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh with Russian President Dmitry atomic energy. antagonistic terrorist act cooperation Medvedev at the 2008 G8 Summit in Hokkaido. and infinite. [ 1 ] These five major constituents were highlighted in a address given by the Indian Foreign Secretary Ranjan Mathai in Russia. [ 2 ] However. in recent old ages a 6th constituent. economic. has grown in importance with both states puting a mark for $ 20 billion in bilateral trade by 2015. [ 3 ]
The powerful IRIGC is the chief organic structure that conducts personal businesss at the governmental degree between both states. [ 4 ] Both states are members of many international organic structures where they jointly collaborate closely on affairs of shared national involvement. Important illustrations include the UN. BRICS. G20 and SCO where India has observer position and has been asked by Russia to go a full member. [ 5 ] Russia besides strongly supports India having a lasting place on the United Nations Security Council. [ 6 ] In add-on. Russia has expressed involvement in fall ining SAARC with perceiver position in which India is a founding member. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] India is the 2nd largest market for the Russian defence industry. In 2004. more than 70 % of the Indian Military’s hardware came from Russia. doing Russia the main provider of defence equipment. [ 9 ] India has an embassy in Moscow and 2 Consulates-General ( in Saint Petersburg and Vladivostok ) . Russia has an embassy in New Delhi and 4 Consulates-General ( in Chennai. Hyderabad. Kolkata. Mumbai ) .
Soviet Union and IndiaA affable relationship with India that began in the 1950s represented the most successful of the Soviet efforts to further closer dealingss with Third World states. The relationship began with a visit by Indian premier curate Jawaharlal Nehru to the Soviet Union in June 1955 and Khrushchev’s return trip to India in the autumn of 1955. While in India. Khrushchev announced that the Soviet Union supported Indian sovereignty over the disputed district of the Kashmir part and over Lusitanian coastal enclaves. The Soviet relationship with India rankled the Chinese and contributed to Sino-Soviet hostility during the Khrushchev period. The Soviet Union declared its neutrality during the 1959 boundary line difference and the Sino-Indian war of 1962. although the Chinese strongly objected. The Soviet Union gave India significant economic and military aid during the Khrushchev period. and by 1960 India had received more Soviet aid than China had. This disparity became another point of contention in Sino-Soviet dealingss.
In 1962 the Soviet Union agreed to reassign engineering to co-produce the MiG-21 jet combatant in India. which the Soviet Union had earlier denied to China. In 1965 the Soviet Union served successfully as peace agent between India and Pakistan after an Indian-Pakistani boundary line war. The Soviet Chairman of the Council of Ministers. literally Premier of the Soviet Union. Alexei Kosygin. met with representatives of India and Pakistan and helped them negociate an terminal to the military struggle over Kashmir. In 1971 the former East Pakistan part initiated an attempt to splinter from its political brotherhood with West Pakistan. India supported the sezession and. as a warrant against possible Chinese entryway into the struggle on the side of West Pakistan. signed a pact of friendly relationship and cooperation with the Soviet Union in August 1971. In December. India entered the struggle and ensured the triumph of the secessionists and the constitution of the new province of Bangladesh. Relationss between the Soviet Union and India did non endure much during the right-winger Janata Party’s alliance authorities in the late seventiess. although India did travel to set up better economic and military dealingss with Western states.
To counter these attempts by India to diversify its dealingss. the Soviet Union proffered extra arms and economic aid. During the 1980s. despite the 1984 blackwash by Sikh separationists of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. the pillar of affable Indian-Soviet dealingss. India maintained a close relationship with the Soviet Union. Bespeaking the high precedence of dealingss with the Soviet Union in Indian foreign policy. the new Indian premier curate. Rajiv Gandhi. visited the Soviet Union on his first province visit abroad in May 1985 and signed two long-run economic understandings with the Soviet Union. In bend. Gorbachev’s first visit to a Third World province was his meeting with Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi in New Delhi in late 1986. Gorbachev unsuccessfully urged Gandhi to assist the Soviet Union set up an Asiatic corporate security system. Gorbachev’s protagonism of this proposal. which had besides been made by Brezhnev. was an indicant of go oning Soviet involvement in utilizing close dealingss with India as a agency of incorporating China. With the betterment of Sino-Soviet dealingss in the late eightiess. incorporating China had less of a precedence. but close dealingss with India remained of import as an illustration of Gorbachev’s new Third World policy.
Russia and IndiaRelationss with India have ever been and I am certain will be one of the most of import foreign policy precedences of our state. Our common ties of friendly relationship are filled with understanding. and trust. and openness. And we must state honestly that they were ne’er overshadowed by dissensions or struggle. This understanding – this is so the common heritage of our peoples. It is valued and cherished in our state. in Russia. and in India. And we are truly proud of so close. so close dealingss between our states. — Dmitry Medvedev. about dealingss with India [ 10 ] We are confident that India lives in the Black Marias of every Russian. In the same manner. I can guarantee you that Russia besides lives in our psyches as a Homeland. as people who portion our emotions. our feelings of common regard and
IndiaRussia dealingss changeless friendly relationship. Long unrecorded our friendly relationship! — Pratibha Patil. about dealingss with Russia [ 10 ]
Political dealingssBoth states closely collaborate on affairs of shared national involvement these include at the UN. BRICS. G20 and SCO where India has observer position and has been asked by Russia to go a full member. [ 11 ] Russia besides strongly supports India having a lasting place on the United Nations Security Council. [ 12 ] In add-on. Russia has vocal backed India fall ining the NSG [ 13 ] and APEC. [ 14 ] Furthermore. it has besides expressed involvement in fall ining SAARC with perceiver position in which India is a founding member. [ 15 ] [ 16 ] Russia presently is merely one of two states in the universe ( the other being Japan ) that has a mechanism for one-year ministerial-level defense mechanism reappraisals with India. [ 17 ] The Indo-Russian Inter-Governmental Commission ( IRIGC ) . which is one of the largest and comprehensive governmental mechanisms that India has had with any state internationally.
About every section from the Government of India attends it. [ 18 ] IRIGC Indo-Russian Inter-Governmental Commission ( IRIGC ) is the chief organic structure that conducts personal businesss at the governmental degree between both states. [ 19 ] Some have described it as the maneuvering commission of Indo-Russia dealingss. [ 20 ] It is divided into two parts. the first covering. Trade. Economic. Scientific. Technological and Cultural Cooperation. This is usually co-chaired by the Russian Deputy Prime Minister and the Indian External Affairs Minister. The 2nd portion of the committee covers Military Technical Cooperation this is co-chaired by the two states several Defence Ministers. Both parts of IRIGC meet yearly. [ 21 ] In add-on. to the IRIGC there are other organic structures that conduct economic dealingss between the two states. These include. the Indo-Russian Forum on Trade and Investment. the India-Russia Business Council. the India-Russia Trade. Investment and Technology Promotion Council and the India-Russia Chamber of Commerce. [ 22 ]
Military dealingssDefense mechanism dealingss between India and the Russian Federation have a historical position. The Soviet Union was an of import provider of defense mechanism equipment for several decennaries. and that relationship was inherited by Russia after the break-up of the Soviet Union. Today. the cooperation is non limited to a buyer-seller relationship but includes joint research and development. preparation. service to service contacts. including joint exercisings. The last joint naval exercisings took topographic point in April 2007 in the Sea of Japan and joint airborne exercisings were held in Former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee with September 2007 in Russia. The last military exercising between Russian Russia’s president Vladimir Putin in November and Indian ground forces units were held in Uttarakhand in October 2010. 2001. However. the bilateral dealingss seem to be strained with Russia call offing both its ‘Indra’ series of military exercisings with India for the twelvemonth 2011.
In April 2011. a flotilla of five war vessels from the Indian navy’s eastern fleet that went for joint naval exercisings to Vladivostok in the Russian far-east. was turned back without any tactics. The joint ground forces exercisings scheduled to be held in Russia in June. 2011 was besides cancelled shortly afterwards. One of the grounds given was that the MoD had non informed Moscow of the ground forces exercises in progress. [ 23 ] An Inter-Governmental committee on military-technical cooperation is co-chaired by the Defence Ministers of the two states. The Seventh session of this Inter-Governmental Commission was held in October 2007 in Moscow. During the visit. an understanding on joint development and production of prospective multi function combatants was signed
IndiaRussia dealingss between the two states. An India–Russia co-operation understanding was signed in December 1988. It has resulted in the sale of a battalion of defense mechanism equipment to India and besides the outgrowth of the states as development spouses as opposed to strictly a buyer-seller relationship. Two programmes that grounds this attack are the undertakings to organize Indian-Russian joint ventures to develop and bring forth the Fifth Generation Fighter Aircraft ( FGFA ) and the Multirole Transport Aircraft ( MTA ) . The understanding is pending a 10-year extension. [ 24 ] India and Russia have several major joint military plans including: • BrahMos sail missile plan • 5th coevals combatant jet plan • Sukhoi Su-30MKI plan ( 230+ to be built by Hindustan Aeronautics ) • Ilyushin/HAL Tactical Transport Aircraft Additionally. India has purchased/leased assorted military hardware from Russia: • T-90S Bhishma with over 1000 to be built in India • Akula-II atomic pigboat ( 2 to be leased with an option to purchase when the rental expires )
• INS Vikramaditya aircraft bearer plan • Tu-22M3 bombers ( 4 ordered ) • US $ 900 million ascent of MiG-29 • Mil Mi-17 ( 80 ordered ) • Ilyushin Il-76 Candid ( 6 ordered to suit Israeli Phalcon radio detection and ranging ) • The Farkhor Air Base in Tajikistan is presently jointly operated by India and Russia. However. more late the defence relationship between India and The jointly built FGFA will be based on the Russia has been floating apart. The relationship has been strained due Sukhoi PAK FA to holds and frequent pricing alterations for INS Vikramaditya. and repeated holds in bringing of several critical defence systems. In May 2011. Russia canceled joint ground forces and naval exercisings with India allegedly in response to the riddance of Mikoyan MiG-35 from the Indian MRCA competition. [ ] [ 25 ] An Indian Navy study to the Ministry of Defence referred to Russia as a fair-weather friend and recommended the reappraisal of Russia’s position as a strategic spouse. [ 23 ] The Sukhoi Su-30MKI was jointly built by Russia and India
Economic dealingssBilateral trade turnover is modest and stood at US $ 3 billion in 2006–07. of which Indian exports to Russia were valued at US $ 908 million. The major Indian exports to Russia are pharmaceuticals ; tea. java and spices ; dress and vesture ; comestible readyings ; and technology goods. Main Indian imports from Russia are Fe and steel ; fertilisers ; non-ferrous metals ; paper merchandises ; coal. coke & A ; briquettes ; cereals ; and rubber. Indo-Russian trade is expected to make US $ 10 billion by 2010. Indian and Russian diplomats keeping negotiations at Hyderabad House in New Delhi
IndiaRussia dealingss ( IRIGC ) is co-chaired by India’s External Affairs Minister and the Russian Deputy Prime Minister. There are six Joint Working Groups [ WG ] under the IRIGC. viz. . WG on Trade and Economy [ trade and fiscal affairs ] . WG on Energy [ oil and gas. thermic and hydel power. non-conventional energy ] . WG on Metallurgy and Mining [ steel. non-ferrous metal. coal ] . WG on Science & A ; Technology ; WG on Communication and Information Technology ; and WG on Culture and Tourism. The 13th of the IRIGC was held in Moscow on 12 October 2007. The two states have set up India-Russia Forum on Trade and Investment at the degree of the two Commerce Ministers to advance trade. investing and economic cooperation. The first Forum was held in New Delhi on 12–13 February 2007. which was attended by the Minister of Commerce and Industry and the Russian Minister of Economic Development and Trade. apart from a big figure of concern representatives from both sides.
The Minister of Commerce & A ; Industry. Shri Kamal Nath participated in the 11th Saint Petersburg International Economic Forum on 9–10 June 2007. In February 2006. India and Russia besides set up a Joint Study Group to analyze ways to increase trade to US $ 10 billion by 2010 and to analyze feasibleness of a Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement ( CECA ) . The group finalized its study after its 4th meeting in Moscow in July 2007. It has been agreed that a Joint Task Force would supervise the execution of the recommendation made in the Joint Study Group Report. including sing CECA. The 2nd BRIC acme was held in Brasilia in April 2010. India and Russia agreed to jointly analyze a Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement with Belarus-Kazakhstan with the purpose of hiking trade ties and accomplishing the ambitious trade mark of $ 20 billion by 2015. [ 26 ]
Cooperation in the Energy sectorEnergy sector is an of import country in Indo-Russian bilateral dealingss. In 2001. ONGC-Videsh Limited acquired 20 % interest in the Sakhalin-I oil and gas undertaking in the Russian Federation. and has invested about US $ 1. 7 billion in the undertaking. The Russian company Gazprom and Gas Authority of India Ltd. have collaborated in joint development of a block in the Bay of Bengal. Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project with two units of 1000 MW each is a good illustration of Indo-Russian atomic energy cooperation. Both sides have expressed involvement in spread outing cooperation in the energy sector. In December 2008. Russia and India signed an understanding to construct civilian atomic reactors in India during a visit by the Russian president to New Delhi. [ 27 ]
Space CooperationSpace is another cardinal sector of cooperation between the two states. During President Vladimir Putin’s visit to India in December 2004. two space-related bilateral understandings were signed viz. Inter-Governmental umbrella Agreement on cooperation in the outer infinite for peaceable intents and the Inter Space Agency Agreement on cooperation in the Russian orbiter pilotage system “GLONASS” . Subsequently a figure of follow-up understandings on GLONASS have been signed. In November 2007. the two states have signed an understanding on joint lunar geographic expedition. These infinite cooperation programmes are under execution. Chandrayaan-2 is a joint lunar geographic expedition mission proposed by the Indian Space Research Organisation ( ISRO ) and the Russian Federal Space Agency ( RKA ) and has a projected cost of 425 crore ( US $ 90 million ) . The mission. proposed to be launched in 2013 by a Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle ( GSLV ) launch vehicle. includes a lunar satellite and a wanderer made in India every bit good as one Lander built by Russia.
Science and TechnologyThe on-going cooperation in the field of scientific discipline & A ; engineering. under the Integrated Long-Term Programme of cooperation ( ILTP ) is the largest cooperation programme in this domain for both India and Russia. ILTP is coordinated by the Department of Science and Technology from the Indian side and by the Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian Ministry of Industry & A ; Science and Technology from the Russian side. Development of SARAS Duet aircraft. semiconducting material merchandises. ace computing machines. poly-vaccines. optical maser scientific discipline and engineering. seismology. high-purity stuffs. package & A ; IT and Ayurveda have been some of the precedence countries of co-operation under the ILTP.
Under this programme. eight joint Indo- Russian centres have been established to concentrate on joint research and development work. Two other Joint Centres on Non-ferrous Metallic elements and Accelerators and Lasers are being set up in India. A Joint Technology Centre based in Moscow to convey cutting border engineerings to the market is besides under treating. An ILTP Joint Council met in Moscow on 11–12 October 2007 to reexamine cooperation and give it farther way. In August 2007. an MoU was signed between Department of Science and Technology and Russian Foundation of Basic Research. Moscow to prosecute scientific cooperation.
North-South Transport CorridorThe “North-South” Transport Corridor Agreement [ INSTC ] has been ratified by all the three original signer provinces. viz. India. Iran and Russia. and has come into force since 16 May 2002. This path is expected to cut down the cost of motion of goods between India and Russia and beyond. The 3rd Coordination Council Meeting of the INSTC was held in October 2005 in New Delhi and the 4th meeting was held in Aktau. Kazakhstan in October 2007 to discourse further streamlining the operation of the corridor. [ 28 ]
Cooperation in the domain of CultureIndia–Russia dealingss in the field of civilization are historical. Five Chairs associating to Indology have been established in Moscow. Saint Petersburg. Kazan and Vladivostok. Days of Russian Culture were held in India in November 2003. in Delhi. Kolkata and Mumbai. “Days of Indian Culture” in Russia were organized from September- October 2005 in Russia. 130th birth day of remembrance of Nikolai Roerich and 100th birth day of remembrance of Svyatoslav Roerich were celebrated in India in October 2004. Chief Minister of National Capital Territory of Delhi led a deputation for take parting in the Russian President Dmitry Medvedev on the sets of Ra. One event “Days of Delhi in Moscow” from 28 May 1 June 2006. The “Year of Russia in India” was held in 2008. It was followed by the “Year of India in Russia” in 2009. There is a Hindi Department. in the University of Moscow.
TerrorismOn international terrorist act. India and Russia agree that there is no justification for terrorist act. and this must be fought against. without via media and wherever it exists. Russia has supported the Indian bill of exchange at the UN on Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism [ CCIT ] . The two sides signed a MoU on cooperation in battling terrorist act in December 2002. A Joint Working Group on Combating International Terrorism meets from clip to clip and its 4th meeting was held in Delhi on 24 October 2006. Both Russia and India have faced the job of terrorist act. India has seen it in the context of its military presence in Kashmir and Russia has seen it in Chechnya and both the states are supportive of each other on the issue of terrorist act.
Nuclear DealsOn 7 November 2009. India signed a new atomic trade with Russia apart from the trades that were agreed upon by the two states earlier. [ 29 ] India and Russia are in treatment for building of two more atomic power units at Kudankulam. The two units already set up are ready for operationalisation. [ 30 ]
Further reading• Challenges and Opportunities: Russia and the Rise of China and India [ 31 ] by Dmitri Trenin. Strategic Asia 2011-12: Asia Responds to Its Rising Powers – China and India ( September 2011 )
External links• Most of the content from MEA. India [ 32 ] • Indian embassy in Moscow [ 33 ] • Russian embassy in New Delhi [ 34 ]
Mentions
[ 1 ] Top Indian diplomat explains Russia’s importance to India: Russia & A ; IndiaReport ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / indrus. in/ articles/ 2012/ 11/ 28/ top_indian_diplomat_explains_russias_importance_to_india_19391. hypertext markup language ) [ 2 ] Top Indian diplomat explains Russia’s importance to India: Russia & A ; India Report ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / indrus. in/ articles/ 2012/ 11/ 28/ top_indian_diplomat_explains_russias_importance_to_india_19391. hypertext markup language ) [ 3 ] India and Russia set US $ 20 BN bilateral trade mark by 2015: Abroad Indian Facilitation Centre ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / m. oifc. in/ Resources/ News/ India-and-Russia-set-US-24-20-BN-bilateral-trade-target-by-2015 ) [ 4 ] Indo-Russian Inter-Governmental Commission to run into in mid-October: Russia & A ; India Report ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / indrus. in/ articles/ 2012/ 09/ 26/ indo-russian_inter-governmental_commission_to_meet_in_mid-october_17907. hypertext markup language ) [ 5 ] India has right to fall in SCO. non Pakistan: Russian minister plenipotentiary – News ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / World Wide Web. newkerala. com/ news/ fullnews-124347. hypertext markup language ) [ 6 ] Russia backs India as possible UN Security Council lasting member: Ria Novosti ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / nut. rian. ru/ russia/ 20111216/ 170303344. hypertext markup language ) [ 7 ] SAARC The Changing Dimensions: UNU-CRIS Working Papers United Nations University – Comparative Regional Integration Studies ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / World Wide Web. cris. unu. edu/ fileadmin/ workingpapers/ W-2008-8_01. pdf ) [ 8 ] Russia keen to fall in SAARC as perceiver: Oneindia News ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / intelligence. oneindia. in/ 2006/ 11/ 22/ russia-keen-to-join-saarc-as-observer-1164200695. hypertext markup language ) [ 9 ] VOA News Report ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / World Wide Web. globalsecurity. org/ military/ library/ news/ 2004/ 01/ mil-040119-3ae77eaf. htm ) [ 10 ] Òîðæåñòâåííûé âå÷åð . ïîñâÿù¸ííûé Ãîäó Èíäèè â Ðîññèè ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / intelligence. Kremlin. ru/ transcripts/ 5368 ) [ 11 ] India has right to fall in SCO. non Pakistan: Russian minister plenipotentiary – News ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / World Wide Web. newkerala. com/ news/ fullnews-124347. hypertext markup language ) [ 12 ] Russia backs India as possible UN Security Council lasting member: Ria Novosti ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / nut. rian. ru/ russia/ 20111216/ 170303344. hypertext markup language ) [ 13 ] Russia supports India’s rank in NSG: Business Standard ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / World Wide Web. business-standard. com/ india/ news/ russia-supports-indias-membership-in-nsg/ 478057/ ) [ 14 ] India and APEC: Center of Mutual Gravitation: International Affairs ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / nut. interaffairs. ru/ read. php? item=351 ) [ 15 ] SAARC The Changing Dimensions: UNU-CRIS Working Papers United Nations University – Comparative Regional Integration Studies ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / World Wide Web. cris. unu. edu/ fileadmin/ workingpapers/ W-2008-8_01. pdf ) [ 16 ] Russia keen to fall in SAARC as perceiver: Oneindia News ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / intelligence. oneindia. in/ 2006/ 11/ 22/russia-keen-to-join-saarc-as-observer-1164200695. hypertext markup language ) [ 17 ] Top Indian diplomat explains Russia’s importance to India: Russia & A ; India Report ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / indrus. in/ articles/ 2012/ 11/ 28/ top_indian_diplomat_explains_russias_importance_to_india_19391. hypertext markup language ) [ 18 ] Top Indian diplomat explains Russia’s importance to India: Russia & A ; India Report ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / indrus. in/ articles/ 2012/ 11/ 28/ top_indian_diplomat_explains_russias_importance_to_india_19391. hypertext markup language ) [ 19 ] Indo-Russian Inter-Governmental Commission to run into in mid-October: Russia & A ; India Report ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / indrus. in/ articles/ 2012/ 09/ 26/ indo-russian_inter-governmental_commission_to_meet_in_mid-october_17907. hypertext markup language ) [ 20 ] Indo-Russian Inter-Governmental Commission to run into in mid-October: Russia & A ; India Report ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / indrus. in/ articles/ 2012/ 09/ 26/ indo-russian_inter-governmental_commission_to_meet_in_mid-october_17907. hypertext markup language ) [ 21 ] Indo-Russian Inter-Governmental Commission to run into in mid-October: Russia & A ; India Report ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / indrus. in/ articles/ 2012/ 09/ 26/ indo-russian_inter-governmental_commission_to_meet_in_mid-october_17907. hypertext markup language )
IndiaRussia dealingss[ 22 ] Indo-Russian Inter-Governmental Commission to run into in mid-October: Russia & A ; India Report ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / indrus. in/ articles/ 2012/ 09/ 26/ indo-russian_intergovernmental_commission_to_meet_in_mid-october_17907. hypertext markup language ) [ 23 ] “Russia naturals war games with India. navy reacts strongly” ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / indiatoday. intoday. in/ site/ story/ russia-cancels-war-games-with-india-navy-reacts-strongly/ 1/ 139895. hypertext markup language ) . India Today. 31 May 2011. . Retrieved 22 July 2011. [ 24 ] hypertext transfer protocol: / / World Wide Web. janes. com/ news/ defence/ jdi/ jdi091014_1_n. shtml [ 25 ] “Russia rebuffs India ; naturals navy. army war games. ” ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / timesofindia. indiatimes. com/ india/ Russia-snubs-India-cancels-navy-army-war-games/ articleshow/ 8652723. centimeter ) IANS. 30 May 2011. [ 26 ] “India. Russia agree on Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement with Belarus-Kazakhstan” ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / economictimes. indiatimes. com/ news/ economy/ foreign-trade/ india-russia-agree-on-comprehensive-economic-cooperation-agreement-with-belarus-kazakhstan/ articleshow/ 15019512. centimeter ) . 18 July 2012. . India is a largest military power state. Russia helps to India. so India and Russiaare doing. good dealingss. . I [ 27 ] Pasricha. Anjana ( 5 December 2008 ) . “Russia. India Sign Agreement to Build Civil Nuclear Reactors” ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / voanews. com/ english/ 2008-12-05-voa18. cfm ) . Voice of America. . Retrieved 25 December 2008. [ 28 ] Feller. Gordon. “Trade path of the hereafter? India. Iran and Russia are forcing a North-South Transportation Corridor to make Northern Europe. ( Particular study: European conveyance and logistics ) . ” The Journal of Commerce 4. 21 ( 2003 ) : 26+ . [ 29 ] . hypertext transfer protocol: / / timesofindia. indiatimes. com/ india/ India-Russia-sign-nuclear-deal/ articleshow/ . [ 30 ] “India. Russia discuss more Kudankulam projects” ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / World Wide Web. hindustantimes. com/ India-news/ NewDelhi/ India-Russia-discuss-more-Kudankulam-projects/ Article1-890643. aspx ) . 17 July 2012. . [ 31 ] hypertext transfer protocol: / / World Wide Web. nbr. org/ publications/ component. aspx? id=532 [ 32 ] hypertext transfer protocol: / / mea. gov. in/ foreignrelation/ Soviet Union. pdf [ 33 ] hypertext transfer protocol: / / World Wide Web. indianembassy. ru/ en/ en_index. hypertext markup language [ 34 ] hypertext transfer protocol: / / World Wide Web. India. mid. ru/
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