Students’ Questions about History Page 21

Aristotle died of natural causes in his home in Chalcis, Greece in 322 BC.

Karl Marx was a German philosopher who developed the socio-political theory of Marxism.

The school of thought founded by lao tzu is known as taoism. It stresses on the need to live in harmony with the tao, or the natural order of things.

Aristotle’s ideas about physics, biology, and other areas of science are still studied and discussed today. His philosophy also continues to be influential.

The engine of social change according to Karl Marx is the class struggle. This is the struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.

John Locke believed in the concept of natural rights, which are rights that are inherent to all humans and are not given to them by government or any other institution. He also believed in the concept of government by consent, which is the idea that government only has legitimacy if it is based on the consent of those who are governed.

He predicted that they would eventually overthrow the capitalists and create a classless society.

David Hume contributed the idea that all knowledge is based on experience to both the philosophy and the science of the enlightenment.

Ralph Waldo Emerson was an American essayist, lecturer, and poet who led the Transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century. He was seen as a champion of individualism and a prescient critic of the countervailing pressures of society, and he disseminated his thoughts through dozens of published essays and more than 1,500 public lectures across the United States.

David Hume is a philosopher and historian who was born in Edinburgh, Scotland in 1711. He is best known for his work on epistemology and philosophy of mind.