It’s clear that Odysseus wants to reclaim his home and get rid of the suitors. He’s been away from home for 20 years, and he wants to return to his wife, Penelope, so they can resume their life together.
It’s also pretty clear that he wants to test Penelope’s faithfulness and see if she will still recognize him. In order to do this, he needs to disguise himself as a beggar so that he can go undetected by the suitors and find out what Penelope is doing in his absence.
Finally, it’s important to note that dressing as a beggar will allow him to teach the suitors a lesson and show them that they cannot just take what they want without consequences.
