Alexander was not only a great general but also a great ruler. He is famous for his military victories, but he also had a passion for art and literature and helped spread Greek culture throughout the Middle East.
Alexander was born in Pella, Macedonia, in 356 BC. His parents were King Philip II of Macedon and Queen Olympias. Alexander was tutored by Aristotle, who instructed him in philosophy, medicine, politics and warfare.
In 336 BC, Alexander succeeded his father as king of Macedon at the age of 20 and went on to conquer all of Greece by 330 BC. After defeating the Greek city-states in the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC, he set out to conquer Persia (modern Iran) in 334 BC. He defeated Darius III’s army at Issus (333 BC) before marching on Babylon (331 BC). He then conquered Egypt (331–323 BC) before returning home via Tyre (332–331 BC) and attacking Darius III again at Gaugamela near Arbela (331 BC).
Alexander led an army into India, where he defeated King Porus at the Battle of Hydaspes (326 BC). He later conquered Persia, marking the beginning of its downfall. Alexander’s empire stretched from Greece to India and Egypt.
Alexander died suddenly in Babylon on June 10, 323 BC at the age of 32. Most historians believe that he died from alcohol poisoning caused by too much celebrating after his victories over Persia. His body was taken back to Macedonia for burial in the family tomb at Aegae.
