Julius Caesar was a Roman general and statesman. He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. In 60 BC, Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey formed a political alliance that was to dominate Roman politics for several years. Their attempts to amass power through populist tactics were opposed by the conservative faction of politicians, among them Cato the Younger with the frequent support of Cicero. Caesar’s victories in Gaul made him extremely popular among the common people, and he was given military command of two provinces.
Caesar’s actions were often brutal but he also showed great mercy and generosity, particularly towards his enemies. This has led many historians to conclude that he was a complex man, who was neither wholly good nor wholly evil.
Caesar’s reign as dictator marked a turning point in Roman history. He introduced many new reforms that would have far-reaching effects on society, including the establishment of the Julian calendar (which remained in use until 1582) and religious tolerance for Christians.
Caesar’s military successes extended his political power. Upon returning to Rome, he was elected praetor; he also ran for consul with Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey) against Quintus Hortensius and Lucius Lucceius, winning victory despite their unpopularity with the masses. This strengthened his position as an unofficial leader of Rome’s populares faction.
In 59 BC, Crassus died while campaigning in Asia Minor (modern Turkey).
