The catholic Counter – Reformation was a movement that decided a religion, into Catholic and protestants. Catholic Counter Reformation was a response to the Reformation of the protestants. The Catholic Counter to regain power. The Catholic Counter – Reformation had many aspects of it. The later part of the Renaissance period, what was the catholic counter, how was music affected, differences between catholic and protestants reformation, composer of the time, and the council of Trent.
First, the later part of the renaissance period is were all of this started. The renaissance period began in 1400 and end 1600. The Protestant Reformation began on October 31,1517 and ended in 1648, the Catholic reformation started in 1545 and ended in 1548. The Catholic counter – Reformation is also called the Catholic Reformation is also called the Catholic Reformation, or the catholic reformation is also called the catholic reformation, or the catholic revival. The protestants demanded reform with in the roman catholic church, so the catholic church came back with a counter reform. The catholic church was not going to just give away their power and control. The council of treat came together because the church was tired of seeing its power decrease. The council of treaty is all the high officials in the catholic church. They wanted the protestants momentum stopped the church wanted princesses and high Protestant on their side. The council did not compromise the catholic was not about faith only.
Next, what is the catholic counter – reformation, why it happened, what was the goal, and what was the musical concerns. Many people at the time disapproved of the clergy, pope and the church actions. Many viewed the church not meeting religious needs of the people. Due to this many religious groups were forum to replace the catholic church. This became the new reform or the Protestant reform. The protestants wanted to provoke change of the religious and political powers of the church. The church was corrupt and was more worried about making money than teaching religion. The Catholic church had to strike back or, continue to let the Protestant power grow and theirs lesson. The Catholic counter Reformation was not a reformation for the catholic church at all, but a ploy to take power back from the Protestant The main reason for the divide was political. The council of Trent goal was to reinstate traditional catholic beliefs. The council had three parts over eighteen years, to come up with the catholic counter during 1545 to 1563. The council called for all music in the church not to be polyphony, but Palestrina saved polyphony by demonstrating it can be pleasing during masses and the pope allowed it. Papal Brice, the molded for the future of catholic composers of scared music. The third and last period was to discuss music. The church did not want to many instruments because it would be distracting and take a way from the message. Music was needed in mass council agreed. Songs clear for understanding hymns and divine praises.
Now, how were the two reforms different from each other. Both groups believed in God, but their principles are different. On oct 31, 1517 a publication came out about abusive practices of the church. The protestants believed that bible is the sola scripture, Gods only book. His revelation to the people which allowed communication with him. Catholics do not believe the bible is Gods only book. Protestant do not have a united church, there are several denominations. The Catholics on the other hand sees itself as the only true church under the leadership of the pope. The protestants are not open at all to papal primacy this dogma contradict statements bible. The pope is the head of the church for Catholics. Protestants invites every baptized person to share and allowed to eat the lord’s supper. This is not accepted by Catholics, for Catholics in the Holy communion a right commemorating the last supper of Jesus. Bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ. Non – Catholics may not participate in commutation. Catholics has many sacraments: baptism confirmation, Eucharist, Matrimony, penance, holy orders and Extremauncion. Protestant practices two sacraments baptism and the Eucharist, Catholic also is obligatory for priest.
Meanwhile, some of the composers at the time was Martin Luther, William Byrd, Thomas Tallis, and Huldrych Zwingli. Martin Luther was born November 10, 1483 in Eisleben, Saxony Germany. He was a reformer, that make a great impact on the protestant reformation. Martin showed height to how important sermon was, Martin also had to help design a hymn book, that use polyphonies themes and simple harmony. These hymns are still used today. Luther has influenced composer Heinrich Schutz, Dietrich Buxtehude and Johann Sebastian Bach. Next, William Byrd was born 1539 in London England. Little is know about Williams early life, but he was a pupil of Thomas Tallis Some of his work was Psalms, Sonnets, and songs of sadness and pieties, songs of sundries Natures, and two further books of canciones cucea. He played an important role in development of freely composed fantasia. Byrd influences composers such as John Bull, Giles Flournoy, Orlando Gibbons, and Thomas Tomkins. Then Thomas Tallis born on November 1505 in Greenwich, London. As it was stated earlier Thomas was William Byrd teacher. Thomas was one of the most important composers during the scared music before William Byrd. Thomas style had service music and polyphonic shows, his influence was a big part of introducing English music. Tallis and Byrd used the monopoly for printing music and music paper in England. Tallis made many Latin masses. Thomas, one of the first composers to provide setting of the English liturgy. Settings of precis, duration mode. A composer Thomas Tallis influenced Vaughan Williams. Finally, Huldrych Zwingli born January 1, 1484 in Sankt Gallen, Switzerland. The Protestant reformer help reconstruction of the cathedra school as a grammar school and theological seminary. He also helps replace mass with simple communion services all of these composers changed and influenced music in many ways.
Now, The council of Trent. The council was held between 1545 and 1565. It was held in Trent or Tento, northern Italy. The council was made up of highly ranked officials in the Roman catholic church. The council was a key part of the counter – Reformation. At first the pope held back because the fear of renewed attack on his supremacy. Thought the best thing was to from a council. Some bishops wanted immediate reform. An agreement was reached on both topics to be treated. The council ruled against Luther’s doctrine of justification. Period II during 1551 – 1552. Before military events forced a second meeting of the council. Discussed not people lived auricular confession and decrees on discipline of the clergy. Period III 1552 – 1563. Devine basis, bishop, rasid in their sees Christ in born the consecrated bread. Defined mass, sacrifice, issued on holy orders, matrimony, purgatory, indulgence, saints, relics, music.
In conclusion the catholic lost church lost an essential amount of power and the counter – reformation was their answer. The answer to the Protestant reformation. The renaissance period during 1300- 1600. The Protestants had a reformation that took power away from the catholic church, music changed. The goal was to be politically strong again there were some differences between the two rivals. Some of the major catholic composers were martin Luther, William Byrd, Thomas Tails, Huldrych Zwingli. And the council of Trent was the group that put counter reformation into action and help restore power to the Catholic church.
