Enzymes may be considered as one of the most of import proteins of the human organic structure. In peculiar an enzyme such as amylase, which breaks down saccharides, work by agencies of surface contact action ; the surface of the enzyme enables other molecules to respond in a mode they would non be able to without the surface of the enzyme nowadays. It is said that enzymes achieve this by take downing the sum of activation energy needed for anabolic reactions ; this allows these reactions to happen as a katabolic reaction would. “ Enzymes are by and large big proteins that consist of several hundred aminic acids, and frequently incorporate a non-proteinaceous group otherwise known as a prosthetic group of which is of import in the existent contact action. In an enzyme catalyzed reaction, the substance to be acted upon, or substrate, binds to the active site of the enzyme. The enzyme and substrate are held together in an enzyme substrate composite by hydrophobic bonds, H bonds, and ionic bonds. ” ( Nichols and Cholewiak, 1991 ) . Enzymes are non merely of import because they keep the metabolic pathway free of congestion but the are besides cardinal in digestion, besides they are needed to execute an infinite figure of undertaking within the human cellular system. Enzyme productiveness like many other things our organic structures tend to change based on outside factors. Environmental parametric quantities such as temperature, pH, and substrate concentration such as amylum affect the rate of enzymatic contact action in our organic structure.
The human organic structure is possibly the greatest trial of enzyme adaptability. It uses enzymes in infinite ways, and in legion conditions therefore it is of import that we understand the effects of its environmental parametric quantities. Upon the completion of this experiment it was found that when temperature and pH were aid constant the activity of an enzyme is determined by the comparative concentration of the enzyme and its substrate, amylum in this instance. Specifically, it was found that a 1 % starch solution resulted in the highest rate of enzyme activity. This was determined by the usage of I which is a starch index ; the clip of which each concentration of amylum reacted was besides noted ( the visual aspect of a light xanthous brown coloring material ) . Test tubing A which had the highest amylum concentration reacted within a minute, trial tubing B holding the 2nd highest amylum concentration reacted within five proceedingss, while trial tubing C holding the 3rd highest amylum concentration reacted within seven proceedingss and in conclusion prove tubing D holding the least sum of amylum concentration took eight proceedingss to respond. If there is an surplus of substrate, the rate of contact action is straight relative to the enzyme concentration. Based on the consequences it can said that if the enzyme concentration is kept changeless, as it was in this experiment, so the rate of reaction is straight relative to the sum of substrate nowadays. Thus an addition in substrate amylum causes an addition in enzyme contact action. However this is merely up unto the point when all enzyme molecules are utilised or saturated and will no longer increase in rate of productiveness.
The consequence obtained from this experiment supported the hypothesis on amylase activity under experiment conditions inclusive of changeless temperature and pH with changing substrate concentration, likewise the hypothesis of Jensen et al. , 1997 ; Skrabanja & A ; Tufvesson, 2000 but under different experimental conditions.
Precautions
-Wash dropper after every usage as this may take to inaccurate consequences.
-Ensure that the sum of reagents used does non transcend that needed.
Restriction
-We were unable to carry on a much larger experimental group which would hold been needed in order to happen amylase ‘s optimum contact action status, or impregnation point.
Beginning of mistake
-When carry oning the experiment on trial tubing B there was clip hold by the fact that clip was non decently compensated when all parts of the solution could non be added by one individual at the same time. However this was non terrible to the extent where we had inaccurate consequences, but test tubing B may hold reacted faster than within the five proceedingss.
Decision
In concluding, it can be said that if the substrate concentration was to be increased so there will be an increased in enzymatic activity. This experiment could hold been improved if we had conducted a larger experimental group which is needed in order to happen the optimum status of amylase. Never the less the experiment was a success and we have acquired our purpose, similarly proved to be in one with our hypothesis ; which states that the rate of reaction is straight relative to the sum of substrate nowadays. Thus an addition in the substrate amylum cause and increase in enzyme contact action.
