Gateways to Art: 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.5 2.7, 2.9, & 2.10

Artists draw for many reasons, including:

When Raphael was preparing to paint his fresco The School of Athens he did a large drawing called ________ to help place the design on the wall.

Pencils have a range of values from very light to very dark. If you wanted a dark value, which of these pencil numbers would be the darkest?

When creating his silverpoint drawing Heads of the Virgin and Child, Raphael employed ________, a process in which the artist uses closely arranged parallel lines to create value.

Artists’ chalk is powdered calcium carbonate combined with this binder.

The French Impressionist Edgar Degas used this dry drawing medium when he created The Tub in 1886.

The French artist Georges Seurat created a study for his huge painting La Grande Jatte using this waxy medium.

Erasers can be used by artists as drawing tools. In 1953 Robert Rauschenberg created a work by erasing a drawing by this famous Abstract Expressionist painter.

East Asian artists have traditionally applied ink using a ________.

In which country was paper invented by Cai Lun, who made it out of macerated plant fibers suspended in water?

In addition to its fiber content and weight, paper is also classified by its surface texture. What is the type of paper that is created on a screen with a grid-like structure?

Paint in its most basic form is composed of ________ and a liquid binder.

The binding agent in encaustic painting is ________.

The binding agent for tempera paint is ________.

This twentieth-century American painter chose tempera to describe his neighbor’s “extraordinary conquest of life” in the work Christina’s World.

This painting process relies on freshly applied lime plaster to hold the pigment in place.

There are two types of fresco. Fresco secco, which means dry fresco, and this kind, which means good fresco.

Taking four years to complete, the Sistine Chapel ceiling was painted by this artist in sections using the buon fresco method.

The Renaissance artist and writer Giorgio Vasari credited this Flemish painter with the invention of oil paint.

Californian artist Joan Brown used this painting technique, created by applying thick layers of paint to a surface.

This contemporary painting medium uses a polymer resin as a binder.

This painting medium is transparent, applied to a paper surface, and has a gum arabic binder (the French version uses honey.)

This painting medium is opaque, applied to a paper surface, and uses a gum arabic binder.

This German artist’s naturalistic depiction A Young Hare was created using a combination of watercolor and gouache highlighting.

Another name for freestanding sculpture is
________.

Unlike freestanding sculpture, this type of sculpture is created to be viewed from one side only.

The sculptural process in which the artist carves only in shallow depth is called ________.

Michelangelo believed ________ to be the finest and most challenging of all the visual arts.

This sculpting process involves adding a liquid or
pliable material to a mold.

Ancient Greek sculptors sometimes created cast sculptures from ________, an alloy of copper and
tin.

The name of this bronze-casting process relies on a modeled original form made from a pliable material. This method is known as ________.

Over time, exposure to the elements can add this surface coloration to metals. It can also be created with the use of chemical preparations.

This American artist created a large earthwork titled
Spiral Jetty in the Great Salt Lake in Utah in 1969-
70.

This group of Soviet artists created an entire art
movement out of the process of assembling
artworks.

The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living, by Damien Hirst, is an example of the broad range of materials that can be used in a work of art. It presents a ________ suspended in a
tank of formaldehyde.

Objects found or already existing outside of the context of art, which are used as component parts in a work or to create an entire sculpture, are called
________.

This Spanish artist combined a bicycle seat and handlebars into a form that was reminiscent of a
bull’s head.

This process involves taking over a pre-existing image or object and altering its appearance in a way that changes its original meaning or purpose.

This artist took a urinal, turned it on its side, made some other slight alterations, and presented it as
an art object titled Fountain.

This sculptural process is the act of creating an environment that a viewer will experience within a
space.

This kind of stress pushes on the structure of a building and must be countered by a pulling stress.

This kind of stress pulls on the structure of a building and must be countered by a pushing
stress.

The Great Pyramid of Khufu is an example of sophisticated engineering and ________
construction.

This architectural construction method consists of
two uprights and a crossbeam.

A room that uses numerous columns to support a flat ceiling is known as a ________ hall.

The Greek architect Kallikrates designed the Temple of Athena Nike using this style of column, named after a region in coastal Greece.

This type of arched span was first used in ancient
Babylon and Mycenae.

The ancient Romans perfected this type of arch and often used it in their architecture.

This is a ceiling based on the structural principles of
the arch.

This is the large central space of a Romanesque or
Gothic cathedral.

The visionary church leader Abbot Suger sought to intensify the spiritual experience of worshipers by revolutionizing church architecture. He was instrumental in establishing the architectural style
known as ________.

This feature of Gothic architecture allowed the weight of the ceiling to be transferred away from the walls so that larger windows could be built.

This nineteenth-century North American construction method uses lightweight wooden frames, instead of heavy timbers, to support the
building.

This cast-iron building was designed by Sir Joseph Paxton for the Great Exhibition of 1851, and was
more than a third of a mile long.

This architect, who pioneered the use of steel in
architecture, is sometimes called the “father of
Modernism.”

The architect Le Corbusier’s International Style
favors a strongly ________ organization of forms.

Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater cultivates an
organic relationship between the building and its
location by:

This style of architecture, which began in the 1980s, combines the hard rectangles of Modernism with unusual materials and stylistic features from
the past.

The earliest existing printed artworks on paper
were created in this culture.

This type of printmaking is done by carving away part of a block in order to leave a raised surface
that can be inked and printed.

This style of printmaking means “pictures of the floating world” and was practiced by the Japanese
artist Kitagawa Utamaro.

This twentieth-century German artist used the natural grain and splintering of the woodblock to make his work Prophet more expressive.

This term for plate printmaking means “cut into” in
Italian.

This intaglio printing process involves carefully and
cleanly scoring a metal plate.

This intaglio process is achieved by pulling a burin across the surface of a metal plate, leaving a burr
where the ink will collect.

This intaglio process employs acid to mar the
surface of a metal plate.

This seventeenth-century Dutch artist was a master of etching and used it to depict Adam and Eve as
well as other religious subjects.

This intaglio process makes an image that resembles the effect created by water-based media, and uses melted rosin to create an acid-
resistant coating.

This intaglio process is achieved by roughening the entire metal plate surface with a rocking tool, then smoothing the areas where the ink is to be wiped
away.

This type of printmaking does not require the artist to cut into a surface; the ink is suspended by other
means to complete the print.

In one of his lithographic images, this French artist depicted the aftermath of a violent incidence of police brutality where a family was killed in a case
of mistaken identity.

This printmaking process is used for t-shirts, solar
panels, and circuit boards.

A group of prints that are identical and produced in a limited number is called ________.

This process can be used to create a unique printed image, and involves a clean plate of metal or glass on which the artist carefully inks the image
then prints.

What does the word “photograph” mean?

The first cameras were ________.

The name of the opening that lets light into any
camera is called ________.

When were the first successful photographs made
using a camera?

Daguerreotypes are made on ________.

A major benefit of the calotype process is that
________.

The American photographer Edward Weston
focused closely on the subject of his Pepper No. 30, making the viewer concentrate on the ________ and ________ of the vegetable.

Hannah Höch was part of a movement known as
________.

Sally Mann’s 1989 photograph The New Mothers
was made ________.

Shining a light through a film negative reverses the tones so that multiple positive prints can be made. True or false?

Artworks made using alternative media and
processes ________.

Jackson Pollock is known for:

Artworks made using alternative media are best accessed by ________ but often exist only in the
form of ________.

Composer John Cage’s Theater Piece No. 1 is
influential because of:

In Joseph Beuys’s Coyote, I Like America and
America Likes Me, the artist:

Vito Acconci is the artist who created ________.

The work of ________ was directly influential on
the conceptual art movement.

Barbara Kruger’s Untitled (Your Gaze Hits the Side
of My Face):

What unconventional material does Bruce Nauman use in The True Artist Helps the World by Revealing Mystic Truths (Window or Wall Sign)?

Mel Chin’s Fundred Dollar Bill Project is designed
to:

Kara Walker’s installation Insurrection! (Our Tools were Rudimentary, Yet We Pressed On) combines:

What is the alternative medium or process of this definition:

artworks that track the movements and gestures the artist makes during their production

What is the alternative medium or process of this definition:

artworks that transform the surrounding space in order to become environmental artworks

What is the alternative medium or process of this definition:

an art action or event that incorporates elements of music, dance, poetry, video, and multimedia technology

What is the alternative medium or process of this definition:

a general tendency, as well as an art movement originating in the 1960s, that emphasizes the ideas behind an artwork over any material production to represent those ideas

What is the alternative medium or process of this definition:

impromptu art actions, initiated and planned by an artist, the outcome of which is not known in advance