Genomic DNA extraction from bacteria isolate was performed by who shows that Bacillus and Pseudomonas species have the maximum capacity to degrade oil but gave upper hand advantage to Bacillus species. Shows the presence of Alcaligens odorans, Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacterium propinquum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in petrochemical refinery wastewater. The researcher positively collated high pollutant reduction efficiency to lipiolytic activities of the bacteria. Using wizard genomic DNA purification Kit (Promega, USA) identified bacterial isolates using amplication and sequencing. Detected the present of 10 species of bacterial isolate stating that the bacteria isolates belong to the genus Candida and Bacillus. Also shows that the bacterial isolates shows visible lipolytic activity evidenced by the reduction of in the pollutants of the palm oil refining wastewater.
Performed molecular characterization by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and find out that phenol was degraded completely by Achromobacter species, Pseudomonas specie and Alcaligenes species. The researcher also reported the significant degradation of benzene by Bacillus species, Enterobacter sp and Acinobacter sp. This studies is supported by the previous work performed by who shows that Pantoea agglomerans, Actinetobacter iwoffi and Bacillus thuringiensis where fully characterized to be lipolytic to hydrocarbons shows the presences of the gene for hydrocarbon enzymes catechol 2,3 dioxygenase in Enterobacter hormaechei, Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneni.
Reported that the sequences of gene bank and the highest homology were identify for bacteria belonging to the Nitratireductor acquimarinus and Pseudomonas stutzeri were identify shows the molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance pattern by 31 genes of Echerichia coli using polyphasic taxonomy approach identify bacterial strain including Halomonas Mauramaura, Halomonas nitoreduceus, Halomonas ventose, Halomonas trenophila and Halomonas methanobrevibacter screen and characterized Mycobacteria from the diverse range of iranian aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem with harsh and unfovourable environmental condition that bcan be used in biodegradation of refinery product.
The presences of Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium flavescens, Mycobacterium paragordonae, Mycobacterium monacense, Mycobacterium fredriksbergense, Mycobacterium aurum, Mycobacterium conceptionense, Mycobacterium porcinum, Mycobacterium aurum, Mycobacterium celeriflavum, Mycobacterium novocastrense, Mycobacterium obuense and 12 isolates belonging to an unknown potentially novel bacterium species performed molecular characterization using rRNA gene to indicate the presence of bacteria belonging the genera Stenotrophmonas, Bordetella, Pseudomonas, Brucella, Bacillus, Achromobacter, Ochrobactrum, Advenella, Mycobacterium, Mesorhizobium, Klebsiella, Pusillimonas and Raultella with potential to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from oil sludges was able to isolate Napthalene tolerance bacteria belonging to Bordetta avium including MAM-P14, MAM-P22, MAM-P25, MAM-P26, MAM-P9 was able to characterized microbial diversity in sewage sludges from Sao Paulo, Brazil.
The presence of high bacterial diversity was noticed with proteobacteria as dominant phylum then Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, Clostridium were the dominant genus followed by Treponema, Propionibacteria, Syntrophus and Desulfobulbus isolated Strain DN002 from petroleum-contaminated soil which was identified as Achromobacter xylosoxidans. The research shows that during fluoranthene biodegradation, catechol 2,3 dioxygenase (C23O) activity was augmented 1.5 times more than catechol 1,2 dioxygenase (C12O), which indicated that C23O played a major role in fluoranthene degradation by DN002. The dorminant general were Propionibacterium, Comamonas, Brevundimonas, Methylobactenum, Stenotrophomonas and Cloacibacterium.
Identify the halophillic bacteria trains present in the consortium to include Ochrobacterium halosaudis, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Mesorhizobium halosaudis were able to isolate chromate tolerance bacteria from a treatment plant. The isolates belonging to the Micrococcus luteus include HM 16, HM, 2, HM 3, HM 15. Used function encoded in metagenome to establish a link between microbial community structure and function in activated sludge. The bacteria detected include Actinobacter, Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia and Chlorobi.
Also use proteomic approach to investigate the changes of bacteria community overtime, Cyanobacteria, Bacteriodetes, and Proteobacteria were the bacteria that express extracellular hydrolases use geno-wide transcriptone and proteome data to comfirm most highly expressed organohalide respiration (OHR) rate. He concluded that hydrogenase (HUPL) transcript is the most robust activity biomarker across multiple Dehalcoccoides mccartyi (DMC) strain and in mixed communities including DMC co-culture such as bioaugmentation culture (KB1TM). Used multi-omics approach to characterize functional guilds in an unconventional model system.
The community structure of the microbiota was found to be highly similar irrespective of the omics approach. The abundant bacterial orders include Sphingomonadales, Rhodospirillales, Myxococcales, Chthoniobacterales, and Sphingobacteriales. The function played by these Bacterias identified is the provision of vitamins and cofactors to the degradation of phenolic compounds like phenylpropanoid, xylenols, and cresols. [83]isolated trivalent chromium resistant bacterium and identify it by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and designated as Alcaligenes faecalis VITSIM2. The organism also showed resistance to copper, cadmium, and certain antibiotics and also shows changes in cell wall content.
Using 16S rRNA analysis reported that the four fused ring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) can be degraded by Archromobacter xylosoxidans. He reveal that the protein from the bacteria involve in the process of degradation of PAH are 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase and homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase.
The research performed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Penicillium janthinellum and their mutants shows high efficiency in the degradation of crude oil. The paper fails to make analysis based on the Pheno and genotypic characterisation of the bacterial strains. As such important detail to how the identify bacteria degrade the crude oil need to be investigated. A lot of recent researches as seen in this review have supported the above research by showing that Pseudomonas specie has the ability to degrade phenol and other petrochemical pollutants. Other researches show the ability of other bacteria to also be efficient in the pollutants reduction. But in all case the molecular detail and mechanism involve in this process of bioremediation is missing.
Most of the researchers fail to show the bacterial enzymes responsible for the degradation of the pollutants, Even the physiological and ecological studies on any identify bacterial strains was always scantly discussed, although, some of the researchers try to identify and characterized the bacterial species based on 16S rDNA and 16rRNA sequence homology, still the proteomic identification and characterization of this bacteria is yet to be studied. These papers thereby stress the need to do researches that is more focus on the molecular approach to uncover the function of bacteria in petrochemical refinery wastewater. In this research but DNA, RNA, Protein and Metabolites show be studied for particular species of bacteria suspected to have the ability to degrade petrochemical refining wastewater.
