Quality pros have many names for these seven basic tools of quality, first emphasized by Kaoru Ishikawa (a prominent Japanese specialist and researcher in the field of quality management), a professor of engineering at Tokyo University and the father of “quality circles.” Start your quality journey by mastering these tools, and you’ll have a name for them too: “indispensable.”
- Cause-and-effect diagram (also called Ishikawa or fishbone chart): Identifies many possible causes for an effect or problem and sorts ideas into useful categories.
- Check sheet: A structured, prepared form for collecting and analyzing data; a generic tool that can be adapted for a wide variety of purposes.
- Control charts: Graphs used to study how a process changes over time.
- Histogram: The most commonly used graph for showing frequency distributions, or how often each different value in a set of data occurs.
- Pareto chart: Shows on a bar graph which factors are more significant.
- Scatter diagram: Graphs pairs of numerical data, one variable on each axis, to look for a relationship.
- Stratification: A technique that separates data gathered from a variety of sources so that patterns can be seen (some lists replace “stratification” with “flowchart” or “run chart”).
According to K. Ishikawa, the main prerequisite for creating quality circles is to encourage all employees of the company to contribute to the process of increasing the added value of the product for the benefit of the consumer. K. Ishikawa was also aware of the need to show respect for people by giving them the opportunity to decide the organization and management of their workplace. Moreover, he believed that the management of the company should create favorable opportunities for the manifestation of creative and innovative abilities by employees and encourage the practical implementation of their ideas.
