The term general senses refers to sensitivity to all of the following, except
taste.
Which of the following is not one of the special senses?
vibration
The general senses
involve receptors that are relatively simple in structure.
Gustatory receptors are sensitive to dissolved chemicals but insensitive to light. This is due to
receptor specificity.
In order for a sensation to become a perception,
it must received by the somatosensory cortex.
A receptor potential may
A. increase neurotransmitter release.
B. decrease neurotransmitter release.
C. be a hyperpolarization.
D. be a depolarization.
ALL ARE CORRECT
B. decrease neurotransmitter release.
C. be a hyperpolarization.
D. be a depolarization.
ALL ARE CORRECT
Peripheral adaptation ________ the number of action potentials that reach the CNS.
decreases
A labeled line is
a link between a receptor and a cortical neuron.
Sensory encoding of the perceived location of a stimulus depends on
the specific location of the cortical neuron that is stimulated.
Endorphins can reduce perception of sensations initiated by
nociceptors.
Thermoreceptors
A. are found within the dermis.
B. are free nerve endings.
C. for “cold” are structurally indistinguishable from those for “warm.”
D. are more numerous for cold than for warm temperatures.
ALL ARE CORRECT
B. are free nerve endings.
C. for “cold” are structurally indistinguishable from those for “warm.”
D. are more numerous for cold than for warm temperatures.
ALL ARE CORRECT
Receptors that monitor the position of joints belong to the category called
proprioceptors.
Mechanoreceptors that respond to changes in blood pressure are called
baroreceptors.
Bladder fullness is to ________ as blood pH is to ________.
baroreceptors; chemoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors might detect which of the following sensations?
A. pressure
B. touch
C. vibration
D. muscle length
ALL OF THESE
B. touch
C. vibration
D. muscle length
ALL OF THESE
________ are receptors in the aorta that monitor the blood pressure.
Baroreceptors
Chemoreceptors are located in all of the following, except
in the skin.
The spinal tract that carries sensations from proprioceptors to the CNS is the
spinocerebellar.
Your uncle was just diagnosed with a heart attack. One of his major symptoms is left arm pain. You are not surprised because you are familiar with the phenomenon of
referred pain.
Stimulation of a neuron that terminates in the superior region of the left postcentral gyrus would produce
a sensation in the right leg.
The spinal tract that relays information concerning crude touch and pressure to the CNS is the
anterior spinothalamic.
Each of the following is an ascending tract in the spinal cord, except the
reticulospinal tract.
The afferent neuron that carries the sensation to the CNS is a ________ neuron.
first-order
Thalamic neurons that project to the primary sensory cortex are ________ neurons.
third-order
We can localize sensations that originate in different areas of the body because
sensory neurons from specific body regions project to specific cortical regions.
Descending (motor) pathways always involve at least ________ motor neuron(s).
2
The medial pathway that controls involuntary movements of head, neck, and arm position in response to sudden visual and auditory stimuli is the ________ tract.
tectospinal
The pyramidal system provides
voluntary control over skeletal muscles.
The corticospinal system is often referred to as the
pyramidal system.
The area of the motor cortex that is devoted to a particular region of the body is proportional to the
number of motor units in that region.
Destruction of or damage to a lower motor neuron in the somatic nervous system produces
flaccid paralysis of its muscle fibers (motor unit).
The pyramids on the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata are formed by fibers of the ________ tracts
corticospinal
The basal nuclei
provide the background patterns of movement involved in voluntary motor activities.
Complex motor activities such as riding a bicycle
require the coordinated activity of several regions of the brain
Some neurons within the basal nuclei are known to
inhibit neurons with GABA and stimulate neurons with acetylcholine.
Motor neurons whose cell bodies are within the spinal cord are called ________ neurons.
lower motor
Upper motor neurons are located in the
precentral gyrus and the brain stem.
Arachn-
spider
Gangli-
swelling
Narc-
the numb or deaden
Neur-, Neuro-
nerve
Medull-
under/ beneath
Nenin-
membrane
Plex-
network
Sphin-
squeeze
-algia
pain
-graph, -graphia
to write/ record
-mural
wall
-osis
state, condition
-plegia
a blow
