Fluoridate, genus Oblivious. Currently, there are five acknowledged Bola virus species, four of which are known to initiate disease in humans: Bola virus (Zaire Oblivious) Sudan virus (Sudan Oblivious) Tat Forest virus (Tat Forest Oblivious) formerly identified as (C¶et divorce Oblivious) Buoying virus (Buoying Oblivious) The fifth, which has caused disease in nonhuman primates but not in humans, is identified as the Restore virus (Restore Oblivious). Bola viruses are located in several African countries.
The first recognition of EVADE appeared in the year 1976, hen two coinciding outbreaks occurred, one in NCAR, Sudan and the other in Hamburg, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRY). The latter happened in a village near the Bola River, from which this ravaging disease takes its name. Signs and symptoms of Bola Individuals who have contracted the Bola virus disease (EVADE) are not known to be infectious until they develop signs and symptoms. Signs and symptoms caused by the Bola virus may appear anywhere from two, to twenty-one days after exposure, but more commonly they begin abruptly within eight to ten days of a person being infected.
Early signs and symptoms include: Fever Severe headaches Muscle and joint pain Weakness Fatigue Over time, symptoms may progress and become increasingly severe, these include: Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea (may contain blood) Raised rash Malfunction of the liver and kidneys Abdominal (stomach pain) Unexplained hemorrhage (bleeding or bruising) internal and external Some cases exhibit internal and external bleeding, that may progress to multi- organ failure and worse case scenario, death.
Transmission and treatment of Bola The host of EVADE currently remains unknown. However, scientists believe that the first Bola virus disease (EVADE) patient contracted Bola through direct contact with an infected animal such as a ‘fruit bat’ (of the Pterodactyl family) or a nonhuman primate (gorillas, monkeys and chimpanzees). Bola can commence through human-to-human transmission, which then leads to considerable amounts of infected individuals, or it can occur through primate-to-human transmission where humans touch/interact or eat the infected primates.
When the (EVADE) occurs in humans, the virus can be spread to others by direct contact through broken skin or mucous membranes in, for example: the eyes, nose, or mouth) with Blood or other bodily fluids: (including but not limited to saliva, urine, sweat, vomit, feces, semen and breast milk) of an infected individual with EVADE. Objects (syringes and needles) that have been used by an infected individual with EVADE and then contaminated with the virus. Infected animals with EVADE (fruit bats or primates, for example, gorillas, monkeys and chimpanzees).
Surfaces and materials (bedding and clothing) that have been contaminated with organs r other bodily fluids of an EVADE infected individual. EVADE cannot be spread by air, water, or in general, food. However, throughout Africa, Bola may be spread as a result of butchering or eating bush-meat (wild animals hunted for food). Family members and friends may often become infected as they care for sick relatives or prepare the dead individual for the burial.
If medical personnel don’t use protective gear including gloves and surgical masks they may also become infected. African medical center’s are often so poor that they must reuse the name needles and syringes on various patients which is an extremely dangerous action as an epidemic could arise due to the institute injection equipment. EVADE patients remain infectious for as long as their blood and bodily fluids (including saliva, urine, sweat, vomit, feces, semen and breast milk), contain the virus. According to the CDC: Bola can live in semen for as long as three months” so men are still able to transmit the disease after their recovery. Currently there are no commercially available EVADE vaccines but two potential vaccines are undergoing human safety testing. As there are no licensed vaccines for EVADE, the following basic interventions, when used early and correctly, can considerably improve an EVADE patients chances of survival: Providing supportive care. Reiteration with oral or intravenous liquids and balancing electrolytes (body salts).
Maintaining a regular oxygen status and blood pressure. Treating co-existing infections and counteracting other infections from occurring. Additionally a range of potential treatments including blood products, immune therapies and drug treatments are currently being evaluated. International responses to the Bola outbreak Save the Children (Foundation’s) Response: In Guiana, Sierra Leone & Liberia Educated teachers on ‘Bola prevention and protection messages’.
