This disorder mostly affects people of age from 20 to 50 years. On areas with temperate climate, it is spread much more than in countries with tropical climate. Along with temperate-tropical climate division there is a west-east division. Nobody knows the reason of such expansion just as the clear cause of this disease. As a consequence, there is no any effective medicine against it.
However many facts about multiple sclerosis are well known now:
- It strikes more than twice as many women as men;
- It more common among people with northern European heritage;
- The object of defeat it central nervous system;
- There are different types of it;
- It is concerned to immune system.
Statement of the problem All processes in human body are regulated and controlled by two regulating systems: hormonal and nervous systems. The first one act by secretion into blood different chemical agents in miserable amounts, which are transported by blood to wanted sites and start up or inhibit some reaction. Another one, nervous system sends electric signals.
The nervous system is consisting of nervous cells neurons which can generate and pass with a great speed electric impulses. The transmission of signals between neurons takes place with the help of specific contacts – synapses. Each neuron has long outgrowth called axon, which has all properties of electric cable. In the same way axon has isolation – adipose tissue with low conductivity which is called myelin.
Because of myelin capsule electric potential does not excite neighboring neurons and signal speed is very high. It is supposed that multiple sclerosis is result of destruction this myelin fibers and disruption of signal transmission. As a consequence wanted reactions do not take place and human organs and systems can not work in usual way. The origin of multiple sclerosis.
Nobody knows for sure the course of myelin destruction. There is a hypothesis which explains this process like this. Some unknown virus or bacteria influences to immune system and activates blood immune cells which biologically protect organism. These white blood cells leukocytes can leave blood channel, pass through tissues to the wanted site and later back to blood.
Leukocytes initiate and take part in inflammatory response which damage myelin fibers. Besides eating up of myelin cells some types of white blood cells which are called T-cells release massage-carying proteins (cytokines) which encourage inflammation. That is mean that multiple sclerosis is autoimmune system in other words the immune system destroy not only invaders but also own cells. Genes.
Researchers think that there is a genetic component in multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis is not directly inherited but it occurs in people who are genetically susceptible. The risk for disease in a person who has relatives with multiple sclerosis is very small. Types of multiple sclerosis.
Nervous system is neurons of brain and spinal cord. Each part of nerve tissue is responsible for regulating of different processes. And symptoms depend on the location of damaged myelin fibers. That is why almost impossible to find two people with multiple sclerosis disease and with absolutely equal symptoms.
The variety of Symptoms is so striking, that they were classified into some groups:
- Visual (blurred or double vision, loss of color vision, blindness, flashing lights, etc.)
- Motor (partial or mild paralysis, speech problems, loss of muscle tone, etc.)
- Sensory (numbness, tingling, buzzing, electric shock and vibration sensations, loss of sensations, loss of awareness of location of body parts, pain without apparent cause
- Coordination (loss of coordination, shaking, abnormal balance function, vestibular ataxia, speech ataxia, vertigo, dystonia, dysdiadochokinesia)
- Cognitive symptoms (memory problems, forgetfulness, slow word recall)
- Sexual symptoms (anorgasmy, frigidity ,etc.)
- Other symptoms (swallowing, respiratory problems, acid reflux, etc.
Steroids are naturally occurring hormones in human body. They are produced by adrenal glands. There are different types of steroids, but only one of them glucocorticosteroids are used for treatment relapses in multiple sclerosis. Glucocorticosteroids occur in human organism as cortisone and hydrocortisone. Cortisone acts on T-cells and blocks the releasing of cytokines.Mostly for treatment of multiple sclerosis are used chemicals which in some way regulate immune function. But these drugs do not work with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis. Significance of the problem.
Multiple sclerosis is inflammatory disease, which progress very fast without treatment. In addition to demyelization which causes distortion or loosing of electric signal multiple sclerosis strikes neurons by damaging their membrane. Despite the fact that nervous system is very plastic and in some cases can pass round damaged area by creating new synaptic contacts when amount of destructed nervous tissues is very high patient become disabled. Multiple sclerosis is very serious social problem.
People sick with multiple sclerotic accompanied by serious cognitive symptoms or paralysis are factually out of society. Full job, rest and life in general are inaccessible for them. Moreover for psychological health of other members of society they are threatening factors.Finally multiple sclerosis is a disease of yang adults in childbearing age and this disability is passed to their posterity in some cases.
And the most dangerous circumstance in this case is that causes, methods of predicting and treatment of this disease are still unknown. Research of Multiple sclerosis. There are many directions in investigations of multiple sclerosis. Inasmuch as the cause of multiple sclerosis still is not clear the purpose of the majority of investigations is to clarify the mechanism of disease appearance and its source.
