Pineapples can be eaten both fresh and processed although the proteolytic protein bromelain will degrade if it is processed, this means that if canned Ananas comosus is used to do gelatin it will put, but if fresh Ananas comosus is used the jelly will non put, besides if you use fresh Ananas comosus to cook your jambon steaks it will assist to tenderize the meat. Phenolic compounds in the Ananas comosus were tested utilizing the Ananas comosus juice and one measuring taken used the TRAP essay ( entire radical-trapping antioxidant potency ) { { 27 Swatsitang, Prasan Unknown } } .
Bromelain is made from the cooled Ananas comosus juice that has gone through centrifugation, ultrafiltration and freeze-drying to bring forth a pulverization { { 18 Maurer, H. R. 2001 } } . This pulverization can so be taken in tablet signifier with good efficaciousness, is non toxic, does non hold any side effects therefore it can be taken for drawn-out periods of clip and in high doses of around 750mg per twenty-four hours. A dosage should be taken about one hr before repasts { { 25 Chobotova, Katya 2010 ; 18 Maurer, H. R. 2001 } }
Diet and life style can play an of import function in both the contributory consequence and bar of disease every bit good as genetic sciences and environmental factors { { 13 Willett, W. C. 2002 } } . It is good known that the nutrient we eat green goodss free groups which in normal homeostatic provinces the free groups are produced and destroyed of course { { 24 Temple, Norman J. 2000 } } , when the production of free groups becomes a job harm to DNA reproduction, and lipid and protein production can do a figure of degenerative diseases and organic structure disfunction that can include an impaired immune system, malignant neoplastic disease, diabetes, coronary artery disease, chronic bosom disease. These oxidative stressor provinces can be counteracted by eating fruit and veggies high in antioxidants such as Vitamin C, Vitamin E and I? provitamin A and besides the phytochemicals and foods found in the nutrients we eat { { 27 Swatsitang, Prasan Unknown ; 24 Temple, Norman J. 2000 } } .
Research into the phenolic content of some common fruits, including Ananas comosus, found that the different phenols ( edge and soluble free ) were able to bring forth activity in different countries of the GI system. Bound phenols ( caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid ) had the ability to make the colon in contrast to the soluble free phenols that are digested earlier in the digestive system by the tummy or little bowel. This might therefore suggest that different sites in the GI system would profit from the bioactivity of phenols { { 12 Sun, Jie 2002 ; 29 Goldberg, Gail Dr ( editor ) 2003 } } .
The degrees of antioxidant and anti-proliferant activity are measured per Aµmol of Vitamin C equivalent of a gm of fresh weight fruit: the highest degrees were found in cranberry with 177.0 A± 4.3 Aµmol/g and Ananas comosus at 16.9 A± 0.3 Aµmol/g. Pineapple had no anti-profilerant activity { { 12 Sun, Jie 2002 } } . Vitamin C is considered the major antioxidant in fruits and veggies and although cranberries have the highest antioxidant degree there is really small Vitamin C contained in this. Therefore it might be considered that antioxidant public presentation is non merely that of Vitamin C but besides phenolic content { { 12 Sun, Jie 2002 ; 27 Swatsitang, Prasan Unknown } } . Sun, Li and associates experimented with the edge and free phenoplasts in 11 common fruits: the highest sum of free and bound phenoplasts ( expressed as milligram of Gallic acerb equivalent to 100g fresh fruit ) was cranberry ( 527.2 A± 21.5mg/100g ) with Ananas comosus someplace in the center of the tabular array ( 94.3 A± 1.5mg/100g ) and grapefruit the lowest performing artist ( 49.6 A± 2.6mg/100g ) .
In a more elaborate hunt of phenolic acids that are found in Ananas comosus, the juice was measured and similar findings sing phenolic content and vitamin C were discussed: ferulic acid, p-Coumaric acid, Caffeic acid, Vanillic acid, p-Hydroxybenzoic acid were all found in pineapple { { 27 Swatsitang, Prasan Unknown } } . Ferulic acid ( 3-methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid ) is a byproduct of cinnamic acid and a precursor to vanillic acid, vanillin being a katabolic merchandise of ferulic acerb debasement { { 28 Sahelian, Ray Dr 2005 } } . The ferulic acid construction has a phenolic karyon and side concatenation hence bring forthing a good quality stable phenoxy group ( a free group with a odd O atom ) with great antioxidant potency. This free extremist one time catalyzed with UV gives it the ability to scavenge free groups and besides the ability to stamp down “ radiation-induced oxidative reactions { { 28 Sahelian, Ray Dr 2005 } } ” . It might hence be said that ferulic acid may assist maintain cell unity integral one time they have been exposed to exogenic pollutants ( air, coffin nail fume ) and UV radiation { { 28 Sahelian, Ray Dr 2005 ; 24 Temple, Norman J. 2000 } } .
Coumaric acids are hydroxal derived functions of cinnamic acid, which includes p-coumaric acid ( 4CA ) and caffeic acid { { 29 Goldberg, Gail Dr ( editor ) 2003 } } . The phytochemical p-coumaric may suppress the homeostatic procedure of glyconeogensis which may hence hold deductions for insulin immune type diabetes, where glucose is continually generated even though glucose degrees are high { { 30 Lima, Leonardo C. N. 2006 } } .
Further p-coumaric acid has besides been shown in research to suppress platelet collection without set uping blood curdling { { 31 Luceri, Cristina 2007 } } . The information suggested that “ 4CA is an antioxidant compound with good anti-platelet activity at doses that can be obtained with dietetic intercession, proposing possible applications for primary bar of vascular disease ” { { 31 Luceri, Cristina 2007 } } . Chlorogenic acidA is the ester of caffeic acid with the 3-hydroxyl group of quinic acid and antioxidant and hence these two may lend to the bar of cardiovascular disease { { 32 Olthof, Margreet R. 2001 } } . Caffeic acid has been known to demo anti-carcinogenesis effects every bit good as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory { { 32 Olthof, Margreet R. 2001 } } .
As far back as 1988 Taussig and other recognised the significance of bromelain, found in Ananas comosuss, as anti-coagulant and anti-metastatic compound { { 23 Taussig, Steven J. 1988 } } . He feed bromelain to mice and establish a 77-98 % decrease in the hypodermic Lewis lung tumor cells. Since 1988 many of the bioactive qualities of bromelain have been listed: it has been suggested that it can modulate tumour growing, blood curdling, produces inflammatory alterations and may assist in the soaking up of drugs and the debridement of 3rd grade Burnss { { 23 Taussig, Steven J. 1988 } } . Maurer in 2001 agrees with Taussig mentioning both proteolytic activity and non-proteolytic activity in holding the same effects { { 18 Maurer, H. R. 2001 } } .
The peptidase constituents of bromelain have besides been attributed to anti-cancer activity { { 25 Chobotova, Katya 2010 } } although it has besides been suggested that the usage of bromelain for the intervention of redness, suppressed unsusceptibility and hemostasis abnormalities are merely as of import for the research into the deductions of carcinogenesis. Evidence in-vivo showed tumour cut downing effects when bromelain was given to mice. The effects produced on tegument villoma were to cut down the formation and volume of the tumor and to do apoptotic cell decease and some grounds of cut downing metastasis and growing of the malignant neoplastic disease cells Kalra et Al in { { 25 Chobotova, Katya 2010 } } .
Research undertaken on human spongioblastoma cells found that bromelain “ reduced the adhesion and migration of cells besides reduced the invasive capacity of the gliobastoma cells { { 25 Chobotova, Katya 2010 } } ” but when compared with mouse cells it was found the bromelain did non impact the glioma cell growing or the Deoxyribonucleic acid profile. The inquiry that was so asked was bromelain action particular to certain cell/cancer types? Was Bromelain more effectual on some malignant neoplastic diseases than others? Tysnes et Al in { { 25 Chobotova, Katya 2010 } } .
Chronic redness contributes to the formation of malignant neoplastic disease therefore if chronic redness can be controlled could non the formation of malignant neoplastic disease be reduced. It is suggested that if the cardinal activities of NF-I?B, Cox-2 and PGE2 could be inhibited this may potentially go a intervention for malignant neoplastic disease and chronic redness. Bromelain has been shown to downgrade NF-I?B and Cox-2 in mouse villoma and in theoretical accounts of skin tumor development. Additionally in some human malignant neoplastic disease types bromelain has been shown to cut down the activity of NF-I?B, Cox-2 and PGE2. The molecular mechanisms that have this consequence are still unknown { { 25 Chobotova, Katya 2010 ; 18 Maurer, H. R. 2001 } } . Some of the regulators that are connected with NF-I?B are IFNI? , TNF-I± , IL-1I? and IL-6 which can be affected by the presence of Bromelain and that in a healthy immune system will supply a speedy response to any cellular emphasis and in immunocompromised systems bromelain reduced the consequence of the regulators { { 18 Maurer, H. R. 2001 } } .
CD44 is known to be produced by malignant neoplastic disease cells that consequence tumour growing and metastasis every bit good as the ordinance of lymphocyte collection in redness { { 25 Chobotova, Katya 2010 } } and it is known that the sum of CD44 in the circulatory system correlated to the diagnosing and forecast of the malignant neoplastic disease { { 25 Chobotova, Katya 2010 } } . In research the effects of bromelain on certain types of malignant neoplastic diseases has been shown to cut down the production of CD44 Harrach et Al in { { 18 Maurer, H. R. 2001 } } .
In decision it is suggested by the scientists set abouting research in bromelain that a batch more must be done before the anti-cancer curative value of bromelain can be once and for all evidenced to be anti-metastatic, tumour reduction and to demo the effects on the haemostatic system and inflammatory regulators and markers but research to day of the month has shown favorable grounds both anecdotal and research lab based. Combined with the antioxidant qualities of the phenolic content found in Ananas comosus it may good turn out to be a fruit we will be utilizing more and more in the battle against malignant neoplastic disease, bosom disease and other disfunctions.
