The Summary of Translation and Gender Abstract: First of all, the development, mall representatives, the purpose, the significance and the application of the feminist translation theory will be introduced briefly. Then the three theory foundation and their strength and weakness will be summarized generally in this paper. My personal view about the feminist translation theory and feminism will be the ending. Key words: Fervently translation theory; Feminism; Sherry Simon; Elise Von Follow; Barbara Godard; 1. Introduction 1. Brief Introduction of the background: Feminist translation rose in the process of “cultural turn” proposed by Bassinet Susan and Levers at the end of the sass and in the early 1 sass, it was the product of the latest advances in translation theory and the vigorous development of the feminist movement that first launched in Canada by some outstanding Canadian translators, like Susanne De Lootingre-Hardwood, Barbara Godard and Kathy Maize. (Susan 1990) A strong movement of French-language feminist experimental writing in Quebec stimulated their desire to promote and to theorize activities of literary mediation.
Since then, some feminist theorists came up and made a lot of critics bout the feminist translation theory, the most typical and Influential ones are: Sherry Simony’s Gender In Translation: Cultural Identity and the Politics of Transmission; Elise Von Follows Translation and Gender : Translating In the Era of Feminism; and Barbara Goad’s Views on fervently translation studies. The purpose of feminist translation theory is flurry opposed to placing women in the lower social class Ana making translation coastguard to literature. I nee are gallant that, as John Forgo summarized:”translators are handmaiden to authors, women inferior to men. This is the core of feminist translation theory, which seeks to identify and critique the tangle of concepts which relegates both women and translation to the bottom of the social and literary ladder’. We can see that it stressed the subjectivity of translation, hold the idea that original is equivalent to the translation and the gender discrimination can be eliminated by rewriting the translation. (Five:1-27) From this point of view, the theory is accepted by most, especially translation theorists, since it has provided a new learning perspective for them in translation theory research and translation practice. . 2 The application of the feminist theory in literature. As one of the most important foundational texts of our Western culture. However, there are many masculine language, image and metaphor in the early Bible so that it is hard to avoid not to consider God as male. With the rising of feminism, women Christian became awakening to the situation of women’s oppression, so they reacted strongly against the overwhelmingly masculinity bias of the Bible, and the way it had for so long been used to constrain women.
While the method they adopted is to reinterpretation the Bible from a feminist point of view, to translate the Bible by means of “neutral” or gender-inclusive language” and propose several amendments of the translation of the Bible, which resolves the concept of feminist translation. However, some people think that the rewriting of the Bible may lead a misunderstanding of it, for the fact is that the social status of female in that era is extremely low.
We can Judge from the following: The Bible teaches that woman brought sin and death into the world, that she precipitated the fall of the race, that she was arraigned before the Judgment seat of Heaven, tried, condemned and sentenced. Marriage for her was to be a condition of Onondaga, maternity a period of suffering and anguish, and in silence and subjection she was to play the role of a dependent on man’s bounty for all her material wants, and for all the information she might desire on the vital questions of the hour, she was commanded to ask her husband at home. Here is the Bible position of woman briefly summed up. Stanton 1972:7) Different translation versions of the Bible are allowed nowadays, on condition that the religious rules and the historical truth of the original text not be violated. Otherwise it won’t become an authorized and popular one. With the rapid placement of the feminist translation theory, there sprang up numerous recommends on the reinterpretation of feminist literature in China and abroad. Some main research texts are: Pride and Prejudice; Ghana Allying translations; Jane Rye; Diary AT a Mao Black woman; A Frolic In ten snow; I en color Purple; and so on.
Through the recommend on the feminist literature, and the comparison of different versions from gender point of view, more and more people were awakened by the feminist consciousness, it earned widespread attention to some extent, it even changed the position of men and women in an noticed , fast way. For example, there are two different translated versions of Lie Lime and Sun Chili to Pride and prejudice. As far as Student’s ideas on marriage are concerned. Lie Lime’s preface for her translation of Pride and Prejudice:She criticized most of the marriage at that time… She thought) the base of an ideal marriage should be mutual love and understanding… But she never put money and love AI the opposite position; instead, she showed that money played a key role in an ideal marriage. In Sun Chili’s preface for his translation of Pride and Prejudice : she accepted Collins proposal Just for the purpose to have a good home, a “safe box” which ensured that she can be protected from cold and hunger. She didn’t mind the fact that she couldn’t enjoy the happiness of love after she got marriage.
And to some extent, it reflects the miserable fate of women. It shows us that how the subjectivity influences the translation, in the example above, the female translator, influenced by gender consciousness, can better grasp and reproduce the details related to feminine in the original text. However, the male translator, lacking the gender consciousness, often neglects these details, and even awaken or distorts the feminist purpose in the original text. 2. Theory foundation and their strength and weakness 2. Sherry Simon and her Gender in Translation: Cultural Identity and the Politics of Transmission Sherry Simon and her Gender in Translation: Cultural Identity and the Politics of Transmission, which is one of her most significant monographs of translation studies and is also the first comprehensive discussion of the western translation studies from feminist perspective. The book mainly explored the influence on translation theory and practice on the part of feminism based on political and tertiary movement.
In Simony’s words, the book is the product of feminism and translation studies from the perspective of culture. It abandoned the traditional translation theory and held that translation was not a simple mechanical language conversion ,but also the constant extension the renewal of an unlimited number of text discourses. Therefore, translation, considered as an act of writing through highlighting the subjectivity of the translator, is also a rewriting behavior in specific social, historical and cultural context.
Sherry Simon concentrated on the discussion f replacing those hackneyed language by means of the positive discourses that enable to convey the function of identity in translation practice. Sherry Simony’s feminist theory has broken the shackles of translational translation theory, promoting ten play AT Uninominal Annihilative, avocation Uninominal Interest Ana need recognizing the individual world view. (Simon 1996:105-108) s Ana Simon focus on underlining the importance of the cultural turn in translation. Cultural studies brings translation an understanding of the complexities of gender and culture.
It allows us to situate linguistic transfer within the multiple ‘post’ ileitis of today: postindustrial, post colonialism and postmodernism. (Simon 1996:136) Thus Simon links gender and cultural studies to the development in the post colonialism. The exact scope of post colonialism is open to some debate; however, it is generally used to cover studies of the history of the former colonies, studies of powerful European empires , resistance to the colonialist powers and, more broadly, studies of the effect of the imbalance of power relations between colonized and colonizer.
The consequent crossover between different contemporary disciplines can e seen by the fact that essays by her and Levers appear in collections of postcolonial writings on translation, and Simon herself makes extensive reference to the postcolonial Spiral. Remy 2010:133) 2. 2 Elise Von Follow Translation and Gender : Translating in the Era of Feminism Followed by Sherry Simon, Elise Von Follow wrote her Translation and Gender : Translating in the Era of Feminism . After the publication of this book, there came into being a lot of thesis about the feminist translation theory almost at the same time.
The importance of it is quite evident. However, does it rightly or properly Ritchie and comment on the feminist translation perspective? We know that (a) the book systematically expounded the origin, development of the feminism, as well as its relationship with translation. (b) And it perfectly combined theory and example by citing abundant cases. The most heating topic was her three feminist translation strategies: “supplementing”, “prefacing” and “footnoting” as well as “hijacking”. She explained to us those methods the translators use in their work elaborately. C) More importantly, as a women, Elise did not hold a bigoted idea, but a Justice one to minims. All of those are strengths, but (a) the language she studied focused on Hebrew, French, and German which all of them have typical gender, number and case. It is not convincing for the Chinese, Japanese and Korean readers for their language can not be obviously distinguished. (b) her criticizes from Outside Feminism and Within Feminism leave us an impression that the feminism overemphasized tenet maladaptive Ana political act Dye tampering an a ten autumns’ writing style, without regard to the readers’ feeling.
Presenting to us their colonialism in translation. (Follow 2004) 2. Barbara Goad’s Views on feminist translation studies. Barbara Godard was born in Toronto in 1941, she was one of the most famous feminist translators who were the first to engage in feminist translation. She published six translation works including dozens of translations of poetries, prose and fiction excerpts. Godard emphasized on the profiling of women and the translator in the translation. She wrote prefaces all her translators, showing her rejection of invisible women, translators and translations.
An important discovery she found was that the language differences between women and men, she found that women must put male language translated in to patriarchal language when they got involved in to the public domain, so women were “bilingual”, with at least two kind of visions of looking at reality. However, men has a single perspective because of their power positions of masters. When it came to the translation of women’s work, this narrow perspective of men were fully exposed.
What she sought was not the “one to one correspondence” between the translation work and the original texts, but the recreation of the translation to the feminism in the original text. Godard was absolutely a pioneer in western feminist translation and her feminist translation reactive and theory were extremely important for us to study the western feminist translation. However,(a) her works were so radical that it was almost impossible for the translators to find the so-called equivalence of the original work and the translation work. B) Goad’s translation were indeed limited to the highly educated elite readers for she thought it was one of the strategies of feminism that required the text of elitism to make the text more readable. 3. Conclusion It is regarded as a good way to improve the women’s social status with language and translation, we are also delighted to see the improvement of the subjectivity and he translators, but it will become debatable if the translators attempt to change the style of the original work, or rewrite it to serve their political act.
If the translation is not fidelity ,we won’t care whether it is beautiful or not. What we should do is not to rewrite all the works forcefully, but fully analyzing and translating the feminist works with female consciousness, so that our voice can be heard,and our female consciousness can be released from the male-centered 2002) The translation theory and translation practice now mainly focus on some typical literary translation and texts, but not spread to the people at bottom. It is suggested that the mass reading and some other aspects should also be involved.
As for China, we still did not have any formal feminist movement, plus we lack of the deep research about translation. Hence we haven’t achieved a remarkable achievement concerning the feminist translation. We should avail ourselves of this opportunity to call on Chinese translators apply this feminist consciousness into their translation. Because I t Done TTS not only ten development AT Temples, ten gender study, but also the translation studies. The revolution of the translation may be a revolution of literature, and a revolution of human culture.
