It was a Monday forenoon at 8.50am and all biomedical pupils assembled in forepart of the general infirmary where each pupil received an envelope which contains the programme for the hebdomad, the groups each pupil will be and the sections.
In my envelope was a missive of confidentiality that cubic decimeter had to subscribe and so did the remainder of the other pupils. I was excited and nervous at the same times because cubic decimeter did non cognize what to anticipate and how cubic decimeter was traveling to get by with the force per unit area in the research labs because cubic decimeter eventually grasp the fact that it was non traveling to be all talks and theoretical but more of Hands on.
Hematology
At 9:00 am, the helper director of the hematology section took my group to the tea/break room at the hematology section where she welcomed us heartily, asked the group to subscribe in the visitants ‘ book and so went through fire safeguards, installations and general Health and Safety.
9:30am. She took us to the venesection section which she explained to me that venesection is the act of taking blood for diagnosing or transfusion by a nurse or a physician by a venipuncture from the endovenous venas which l witnessed a this section. From that section, cubic decimeter besides learned that each blood roll uping tubings used in the hematology lab has different chemicals in it to continue the sample collected and forestall any enzyme or chemical reaction. E.g. Potassium EDTA is an decoagulant used to continue Red cells and White cells as these cells die under hot conditions, Trisodium Citrate is used in thrombophilia trial and ESR ( Erythrocyte deposit rate ) is used to prove how far ruddy cells bead to look into for infection.
At 10:00 cubic decimeter had 15minutes tea interruption and reported at the Lab with the remainder of the people in my group where a Senior Biomedical scientist took over and demonstrated how Full Blood Count can be tested utilizing the hematology FBC analyzer ( Pentra DX120 ) . She besides briefly explained some of the rules of the Pentra DX120 and the factors that affect the consequences. The rules being:
- The Pentra lyses the cells
- Absorbent material is straight relative to haemoglobin at 550nm in the lyses chamber and is measured utilizing the spectrophotometer.
- Red Blood Cells and impediment methods.
Some of the factors l recalls that can impact the consequence of the Full Blood Count trial are:
- Incorrect venesection decoagulant used
- Specimens conveyance
- Where and how samples are stored
At 10:30 fifty went on a tea interruption and returned to the Lab at 10.45 where another Biomedical Scientist assisted myself and the group in analyzing assorted blood movies and discussed their morphologies.
After looking at the assorted slides, the Senior Biomedical scientist discussed with my group and cubic decimeter about haemoglobinopathy showing of some familial diseases like reaping hook cell anemia and thelassaemia ( this is when there is an unnatural form of the hemoglobin and the reaping hook cells carry at least fifty sickle cistron ) .
12:00 cubic decimeter had a tiffin at the cafeteria and my tiffin interruption lasted an hr. I returned to the Lab where cubic decimeter met another Biomedical scientist who showed the group and cubic decimeter about blood transfusion, the blood grouping, where the assorted bloods are kept for exigency blood transfusions in the surgery and she besides explained the importance of the audit trail so the infirmary carry out accurate and attain choice consequences. At 15:30pm she besides explained the usage of coaglutometer and how curdling occurs which cubic decimeter did hold a spell on the coaglutometer by executing a PTT ( Prothrombin Time ) used to command Heparin as INR ( international Normalised Ratio ) which control Waferin.
The twenty-four hours ended at 17:00 after we had a treatment of each individual in my group felt and l personally did bask myself in the hematology Lab as things became clearer to me after reading approximately certain subjects e.g. Curdling.
My lone job is, fifty wish cubic decimeter could hold stayed a small longer or at least 2 yearss as there were excessively many information to take in within a short clip bound but every bit far as cubic decimeter am concern, the staff were perfectly friendly and a twenty-four hours at the hematology lab went swimmingly.
DAY TWO – Microbiology
My 2nd twenty-four hours was at the Microbiology section and same like the twenty-four hours before, cubic decimeter had to wait at the Colchester general Hospital entryway where the adjunct manager of the Microbiology section ( BOB ) came to present himself to the group and he showed us where the Laboratory was. I was given a guideline along with my group on wellness and safety, informations protection and most significantly patient confidentiality.
After the talk on confidentiality cubic decimeter was given a lab coat which cubic decimeter had to have on in all the research labs except during interruptions. I had my tea interruption around 10:00am. At 10:45am, cubic decimeter observed the flow of work through the section from when the samples are received and to when they have been tested and ensue issued onto a safe computing machine system. I realised the great trade of problem all the sections go through to look into and traverse look intoing patient inside informations so the right trial and consequence is done for the right individual as there might be different people with same or similar names.
There were about 10 ( ten ) different work Stationss and because the section was under building and refurbishing, some of the work Stationss were outdoors in a impermanent edifice where cubic decimeter eventually saw how the sterilizer plants and besides observed a presentation of Bactec 9240, Tritorius and a Vidas analyzer in assorted work Stationss.
I spent most of the afternoon at the virology and serology subdivision during which cubic decimeter learned that the whole thought of the virology and serology is to observe bacteriums and viral antigens. Some of the specimen used is from serum from clotted Blood e.g. Hepatitis B surface antigen.
Besides for assorted sensing of antibodies that are produced to contend against bacteriums and viral infection in a inoculation signifier, the specimen that is used is serum from clogged sample.
and these are detected by ( ELISA ) Enzyme Linked Immunoabsorbent Assay. I besides found out that the more complicated trials such as HIV 1+2, CMV lgG, Lyme lgG/lgM, Toxoplasma lgG/lgM etc. Is detected utilizing the ELFA ( Enzyme Linked immuno Fluorescent Assay ) and the trials are carried out utilizing the VIDAS analyzer. The lone difference between the ELISA and the ELFA trial is the ELISA measures a seeable coloring material alteration where as the ELFA measures a fluorescent signal.
During my twenty-four hours at the Microbiology section, cubic decimeter grew bacteriums on an agar home base under the supervising of a Senior Biomedical Scientist. L besides understood much about Hepatitis being any alteration, abnormalcies or infection of the liver changing from symptomless to anicteric unwellness to acute unwellness of long term disease such as Jaundice and perchance take to decease.
Having spent a full twenty-four hours at Microbiology, cubic decimeter found it truly interesting and could non anticipate nil more as cubic decimeter did bask myself but unluckily, could non happen myself working in Microbiology for assorted grounds.
- I could non stand the odor from specimens and the chemical from all subdivisions and
- The hazards of managing awful bacteriums daily. But all in all, it was a fantastic experience and cubic decimeter did bask myself
DAY THREE – CELL PATHOLOGY
I have ever been interested in Cellular Pathology so cognizing that this twenty-four hours cubic decimeter would acquire the opportunity to pass clip in that peculiar section could non do me any happier. I got to the meeting point at the general infirmary entryway earlier and waited for the other pupils to get.
The Hospital provided us a conveyance to Chestnut Villa which is where the Cell Pathology and Biochemistry Labs are.
Mr Ian Drury who is the caput of the Histology section welcomed us and requested cubic decimeter mark in and same with the people in my group. He so talked us through the wellness and safety and besides introduced us to the Histology squad. He so besides briefly talked about the function of Histology and Cytology within the Pathology services. From that talk, even though fifty knew and holding read from my talk notes, it did clear up certain about Cellular Pathology. The Cell pathology was Histology and Cytology together. Histology trades with larger tissues and variety meats and trial sees in deepness compared to cytology which trades with merely cells to foretell diseases and helps in naming a disease e.g. malignant neoplastic disease or tumor.
At 10:00am Mr Drury took us to a circuit at the Histology section to detect how tissues are fixed, stained and embedded. Small samples of specimen e.g. Skin are cut by the Biomedical Scientist but large samples are cut by the Pathologist.
Formaline completes the arrested development and the cut samples are stored in this solution overnight. Xylene removes the intoxicant and the lipid and impregnates the tissue. The tissue is so solidifies under -5oC and paraffin is used to take the xylol.
Every specimen has at least one wax block and it is fixed to the cassette. Sections cut from the specimen in the wax are placed on H2O and the surface tenseness of the H2O extends the wax and gets rid of any folds.
LEICA AUTO STAINER XL does all the staining in larger measure. Blue Haematoxylin stains the karyon so inserts the slides into pink Eosin. It washes the discolorations with intoxicant which dehydrates the tissue and makes the ruddy cells brilliantly. The LEICA so adds Xylene which makes the tissue really clear. The cells and tissues on the slides are seen under the electronic microscope.
After a long and interesting observation, cubic decimeter had a interruption at 10:30am and returned to the Lab at 11am. I spent the following two hours at the Cytology Lab where cubic decimeter went foremost to the Gynae subdivision and so to the Non-Gynae subdivision. For the Gynae subdivision, cubic decimeter largely observed and had a spell on testing trial of a cervical specimen ( swab ) utilizing the ThinPrep 3000 processor.
Having done the trial, cubic decimeter could state from the consequences obtained, the abnormalcies squamous cells and cubic decimeter had to work out weather it was a CINI and mild dyskaryosis, CINII and moderate dyskaryosis, or CINIII and sever dyskaryosis. I besides spent some clip at the non-gynae subdivision which l found less interesting.
In the afternoon between 2pm and 4:30pm, cubic decimeter earned that formaldehyde solution preserves the tissue and stops enzyme reaction and besides bacteriums production after seeing different variety meats such as an amputated arm, surgically removed chest, testis and a kidney all due to tumours or malignant malignant neoplastic diseases. I besides learned about assorted dyes and discolorations.
DAY FOUR -BIOCHEMISTRY
I knew where to travel on this twenty-four hours as Biochemistry section is besides in chestnut Villa. I got at that place at 9:00 am, signed in along with the people in my group. A senior Clinician gave us a 30minute debut on wellness and safety, information protection, interruption times, fire and confidentiality as he handed out our Lab coats that we would be utilizing the remainder of that twenty-four hours.
Between 9.30 and 10am my group was shown was shown around the Biochemistry section and the flow of specimens from bringing till the carry out of the trials. The specimens are delivered on and out of working hours by particular bringing in a well kept and indestructible box.
After my 15minutes tea interruption, cubic decimeter observed cataphoresis and micro albumin trial carried out by on of the senior Biomedical Scientists. I learned that a small sum of albumen in the piss can demo kidney amendss in diabetics. I besides learned that micro albumen can be assessed by mensurating the ( ARC ) Albumin: Creatinine Ratio degree through elimination within 24 hours period, as micro albumen is more sensitive. It is besides a major blood protein and so can be used to prove antigen-antibody reaction.
At 11:30am, a Senior Biomedical scientist explained to my group what HBA1c meant which is when glucose has bound to Haemoglobin and the reaction is irreversible as a consequence of diabetes. In Biochemistry, HBA1c is the lone trial done on a whole blood High Performance Spectrophotometer is used ( HPS ) .
I spent the remainder of the afternoon after tiffin with my group detecting assorted analyzers such as AU2700 and Centaur. We besides met and had a confab with the Biochemist and it was a really insightful confab with her as the information she gave out truly helped me contract down which section cubic decimeter want to be working and which path of bearer cubic decimeter want to take. After that conversation with the Biochemist, cubic decimeter could see me working at that place although it is non merely machines but requires tonss of difficult work.
DAY FIVE -THE FINAL DAY
The last twenty-four hours all Biomedical pupils who had their summer school had to run into at he conference room at chestnut Villa. There were four groups and four in a group so entire of 16 pupils and a representative from each of the four sections. We were lectured on how the NHS Foundation Trust plants, the political relations involved, the direction and Budgeting of the sections.
The most interesting portion of the twenty-four hours which l enjoyed the most was the instance surveies. We the pupils were presented with assorted diseases and we had to discus which trials for all the sections had to be done to assist name and handle the disease. There was besides a state of affairs where the pupils were presented with the consequences of assorted trial and we had to come out with what the disease was.
We had about 1 hr tiffin interruption and a long informal treatment from Biomedical Scientist who used to be pupil and so hold thought and understands what we the pupil are traveling through. One of the biomedical scientists even went through the same path which l chose and made it and presently working at the hematology. We besides had a treatment with a Clinical Scientist and a Mortuary director which to me was a small creepy because cubic decimeter would non desire to be working with dead people but hearing from people who had broken through and made it, helped me gain that cubic decimeter could besides make it and it is all possible.
The last twenty-four hours of the summer school was a assorted feeling for me because some how cubic decimeter was happy because after my tests and so the experience, cubic decimeter needed a interruption but so besides l did non desire it to stop as cubic decimeter truly had great and non good times but cubic decimeter guessed the whole experience made me gain cubic decimeter can make it when cubic decimeter set my persevere and work hard. So cubic decimeter could state it was a measure closer to my dream calling of working in the Medical Laboratories to assist the Doctor diagnose and research for diseases that have non yet a remedy.
