What lands and observations inspired Darwin to develop his theory of evolution? Driven started by studying with proclaimed geologists learning how to map lands and animals and develop theories. Darning’s observations in the lands of Wales and throughout various places in South America lead to his theories of coral reefs and formation of volcanic islands securing his position in the scientific community. After securing his position in the scientific community Darwin began to spread his theories of evolution. 2.
How does the concept of natural selection explain variations in species ascended from a common ancestor? Natural selection describes how the evolution of a species is determined by the traits they develop to survive. Because a species develops specific traits the structural formation of the species changes which results in species of the same ancestor appearing different than the ancestor. 3. What was the initial response to Darning’s Origin of Species in 1859? All of the initial responses to Darning’s book detailing the origin of species resulted in many debates between the scientific and clerical possibilities of each.
Darwin could not attend most of the debates and instead a strong follower now as Thomas Huxley fought for Darning’s theories. 4. What is a vector, and what is the significance of vectors to the evolution of populations? A vector in a biological term is a carrier. The carrier can carry two different types of things, the first being a bacteria, and the second being DNA, typically being a virus or plasmid. The carrier can be a variation of things, animals, plants, or insects anything that has the ability to transfer something from a single host to another host. . What other kinds of mechanisms can disrupt genetic equilibrium and evolutionary stability? Environmental factors like natural disasters can affect the genetic equilibrium and evolutionary stability of an ecosystem. Things like tornados, hurricanes, volcanic eruptions can all strongly affect the species of an ecosystem by killing of food supplies, wither it be the plants that the animals eat, or the animals other animals eat this could strongly affect the equilibrium and evolution of an ecosystem. 6.
What techniques do scientists use to study microinstruction? Population genetics and genotype frequencies are two different methods that scientists use to study micro evolution. Microinstruction is when scientists study the changes of species in the smallest units, typically from one generation to the next. By monitoring the generation to the next generation scientists can understand why and how a species can change genetically to adapt to an environment. 7. What differentiates one species from another?
DNA differences differentiates one species from another. Because of small changes in DNA and genes of a species, a species that may be the same as another can be very different in many different ways due to the parents and ancestors of the species. 8. How do species originate? Species originate one of three different ways, primarily because of geography: 1. Two populations of species interact by breeding and creating a new species because of the gene flow process. 2. “A geographic barrier arises, isolating the two populations. (wisped. Com) If a population of a species is closely enclosed with another the only way the population could thrive is to reproduce with the species that are enclosed with it. 3. “The geographic barrier ends. ” (wisped. Com) Similar to the previous statement except when the geographic barrier ends the population is open to a new variety of breeding options and therefore increases the possibilities of breeding capabilities. 9. What kinds of mechanisms tend to isolate populations enough to promote genetic divergence?
The type of genetic mechanisms that tend to isolate populations enough to promote genetic divergence is the mechanisms that isolate populations for extended periods of time. Genetic divergence will always accompany reproductive isolation, either due to novel adaptations via selection and/or due to genetic drift, and is the principal mechanism underlying speciation. (wisped) Part 2: 1 . How do fossils help scientists piece together the “family tree” of a given plant or animal?
Fossils help scientists piece together the “family tree” of various plants and animals because fossils are preserved bones and remnants of plants and animals that are likely extinct now but were ancestors of plants and animals of today’s world. Various fossils including those of dinosaur’s help scientists support theories of evolution showing how the animal/plant adapted over time to their environment in order to survive. 2. How do fossils provide evidence for the theory of continental drift?
Fossils help provide evidence for the theories of continental drift due to the geographic locations of fossils and understanding of the types of animals/plants were located and how similar types of plants and animals are located in various parts of the world but now extremely far apart from each other. Evidence to support this statement is shown when scientists found fossils in Antarctica that were similar to those found in Africa and South America, suggesting that once the locations of the fossils were once connected and spread apart over time. 3. What are the two major forces that drive the evolutionary process?
Genetic variations and Natural selection are two major forces that drive the evolutionary process. Genetic variations include variations in the genetic coding of a species both natural and unnatural when the species DNA changes differences between the individual species and that of a species of the same kind making it different than others that by genetics should be the same. Natural selection is another strong driving factor in the evolutionary process detailing the reasoning behind why certain species survive and the species in the environment that are drive to survive by environmental and predatory factors. Why do species become extinct? What does extinction of one species mean to the surviving species in the same environment? Species become extinct because of the driving factors behind how the species survives. If in this case a species runs out of the driving factors for survival the species begins to die off, and if the species refuses to evolve and change to adapt to what it needs to do to survive the species becomes extinct.
Mankind has attempted to slow and even stop this process by identifying species that are on the verge of extinction and removing the species into a controlled environment ND allowing the species to repopulate. 5. Why are there “gaps” in the fossil record, particularly at the end of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras? A series of reasons can be responsible for why there are gaps in the fossil record especially in the periods listed above. Research suggests two reasons in particular including: 1. Literal gaps can occur just because conditions weren’t right for fossil formation. . The place where scientists use faith to justify macro evolution. 6. What stimulated the evolution of mammals at the end of the Mesozoic era? Stimulation of the evolution of mammals at the end of the Mesozoic era is credited to the climate change at in this period. Scientists believe that the mass eruptions of volcanoes during this period after the extinction of nearly 90% of the species on the earth at this time and the favorable living conditions that were left after this period were the reasons for the evolution of the surviving mammals after this period. . What was the significance of Miller’s experiment in solving the Unconstitutionally puzzle? The Miller-Urea experiment was conducted to see what kinds of organic molecules might have been produced in ancient earth by reproducing the notations at an ocean’s edge in a condition that would mimic early earth. They found that the methane had converted to simpler carbon compounds, including H2O cyanide, which combined into more complex molecules with carbon bonds, including the amino acids, which are building blocks of proteins.
This experiment is significant because it shows that the key molecules of life could have formed the atmosphere in early earth. (Yahoo answers) 8. How did the absence of oxygen stimulate the evolution of life on Earth? The absence of oxygen stimulated the evolution of life on earth because of the argue amount of species that adapted to the lack of oxygen and formation of the venous types of species that used other natural resources of the earth to survive.
Many plants and animals that use other products like carbon dioxide as a survival resource increasing the amount of useable oxygen for all other living things on the earth. 9. How does comparative biochemistry help establish the lineage of even the most primordial organisms? Comparative biochemistry helps scientists establish lineage of organisms because it establishes the similarities and differences of species in order to scribe species related to current day.
It also allows scientists to see how closely similar species are related helping them to track evolution. 10. In what ways are we similar to primitive single-celled organisms such as bacteria? What does this suggest in terms of our evolution? On Earth right now there are multicultural organisms that resemble the first multicultural creatures that existed a billion years ago. Researchers are using these organisms to understand what kinds of genetic changes make organisms change from single-celled organisms to multi-celled organisms.
