B.C early civilizations started in the river valleys of Egypt, Mesopotamia, and India. These civilizations made a big impact on later civilizations. They also made lasting and important contributions to humankind. The first civilization is the Sumarians. (doc 1). The Sumarians lived in Southern Mesopotamia which is the land where the Tigris and Eurphrates rivers meet. Mesopotamia is also known as The Fertile Crescent because of its fertile soil which is good for farming. The Sumarians had a lot of achievements, they built a number of cities using mud bricks, they developed copper and bronze tools and weapons, and they developed the world’s first known writing. These achievements had a big impact on other civilizations. Their ideas spread across Mesopotamia and their features and styles influenced building throughout Mesopotamia. The writing made it easier to trade and communicate.
The second civilization is the Egyptians. (Doc 3). Egyptians had many great achievements. They developed a system of watering their fields using the water from the Nile. The Nile was important to the Egyptians it helped them with agriculture. The Egyptians created the shaduf. A shaduf is a weighted pole with a bucket on the end. The bucket took water from the reservoirs and then swung around on the pole and emptied into an irrigation ditch. This technology contributed to later societies by increasing the amount of arable land. Another achievement of the Egyptians were the pyramids. Pyramids were built as a final resting place for the pharaoh or members highly placed in society. In the pyramids the pharaoh was placed in a room with all his belongings. Pyramids were built by a group of peasants and workers. They used huge blocks of stone that were moved into place. Pyramids took a lot of time and hard work to build.
The third civilization is the Indus River Valley. This river valley is located in the northwestern frontier of India. Some achievements of the people from Indus River Valley are indoor plumbing and sewer systems. This was very unusual for this time period. These achievements had a big impact on later civilizations the ideas spread and technology advanced. The River Valleys of Egypt, Mesopotamia, and India made a big impact on later civilizations. Their inventions and ideas spread resulting in a major advance in technology. These achievements and ideas helped create the world we know today.
