Carpentry: Definition, types of joints used in carpentry. 2. Joinery: Definition, and types of joints used in joinery. 3. Differences between carpentry and joinery. 4. Finishes In carpentry and joinery. 5. Define furniture design. 6. New trends in furniture design. CARPENTRY Definition: Carpentry is the art that makes use of timber in the building to construct building components, such as window frames, doors, stairs, trusses and frameworks as well as platforms.
Or it can be said that it is a skilled trade in which the primary work performed is the cutting, shaping and installation of alluding materials during the construction of buildings, ships, timber bridges, concrete framework. Carpenters traditionally worked with natural wood and did the rougher work such as framing, but today many other materials are also used and sometimes the finer trades of cabinetmaking and furniture building are considered carpentry.
A finish carpenter (North America), also called a joiner (a traditional name now rare in North America), is one who does finish carpentry, that is, cabinetry, furniture making, fine woodworking, model building, instrument making, requester, joinery, or other carpentry where exact joints and minimal margins of error are important. Some large-scale construction may be of an exactitude and artistry that it is classed as finish carpentry. 2. A trim carpenter specializes in molding and trim, such as door and window casings, mantels, baseboards, and other types of ornamental work. Cabinet installers may also be referred to as trim carpenters. . A cabinetmaker is a carpenter who does fine and detailed work specializing in the making of cabinets made from wood, wardrobes, dressers, storage chests, and other furniture designed for storage. 4. A ship’s repeater specializes in shipbuilding, maintenance, repair techniques and carpentry specific to nautical needs in addition to many other on-board tasks; usually the term refers to a carpenter who has a post on a specific ship. Steel warships as well as wooden ones need ship’s carpenters, especially for making emergency repairs in the case of battle or storm damage. 5. A shipwright builds wooden ships on land. 6.
A cooper is someone who makes barrels: wooden staved vessels of a conical form, of greater length than breadth. 7. A scenic carpenter builds and dismantles temporary scenery and sets in film-making, television, and he theatre. 8. A framer is a carpenter who builds the skeletal structure or wooden framework of buildings, most often in the platform framing method. A carpenter who specializes in building with timbers rather than studs is known as a timber framer and does traditional timber framing with wooden joints, including mortise-and-Tendon joinery; post and beam work with metal connectors, or pole building framing. 9.
A log builder builds structures of stacked, horizontal logs including houses, barns, churches, fortifications, and more. 10. A framework carpenter creates the shuttering and false work used in concrete instruction. JOINTS USED IN CARPENTRY. 1. Butt joints Butt joints are the easiest of all to make. Wood is nailed or screwed face to edge or ends to edge or dowelled together. End to edge joints can be joined with corrugated fasteners. 2. Miter joints Miter joints are always cut to 450 in a miter box so that they will form a 900 corner when joined. As no end wood is ever seen these are very neat joints but they are weak.
Normally used for picture frames where they are nailed with panel pins. When used for other purposes they must be strengthened with glue blocks, angle braces or loose tongues. Miter joints should always be glued. When nailing a miter joint always start the nail with one part of the miter above the other. The nails will pull the miter into square. 3. Pocket hole joint A hidden screw is driven into the joint at an angle. JOINERY Definition: Joinery is the method of joining two or more pieces of wood together either by the use of adhesives or wood working with little or no fasteners.
In its simplest definition, joinery is the method by which two or more pieces of wood are connected. Materials used in joinery: Metal plates are often incorporated into the design where the timber alone loud not be strong enough for a given load. Glue is highly effective for joining timber when both surfaces of the joint are edge grain. A properly glued joint may be as strong as or stronger than a single piece of wood. However, glue is notably less effective on end-grain surfaces. Animal glue is soluble in water, producing joints that can be disassembled using steam to soften the glue. Various mechanical fasteners may be used; the simplest being nails and screws. Glue and fasteners can be used together. Types of joints used in joinery Butt Joints – where two pieces of wood are connected by having the square end f one piece of wood placed against the side of the other in order to form a right angle. Nails, screws or dowels secure the joint. Cross Lapped Joint – in this joint, a rectangular section is taken out of each piece of wood and the wood fits together so that it is flush.
It is a type of interlocking joint. Dado Joint – where two pieces of wood are connected by a groove in one piece of wood that is equal to the width of the second piece. The second piece of wood is inserted into the groove. Dovetail Joint – in this type of join, the two lengths of wood are connected by outing a piece out of one length of wood and flaring another piece in the second length which fits into the first length of wood. It can be helpful to think of it like a jigsaw puzzle, where the “out” piece fits into the “in” piece.. Miter Joint – this is where each end of the pieces of wood is cut on a 45 degree angle and the pieces are joined together to form a right angle. The joint is secured using glue, nails or screws. Mortise and Tendon Joint – in this type of joinery, one piece of wood has a mortise, or a recess cut into it and the other piece has a tendon or carved projection cut into it. The tendon is fitted into the mortise and they are then secured. Tongue and Groove Joint – in this type of joint, two pieces of wood are joined together by cutting a groove in one piece and an edge on the other.
The edge or tongue fits into the groove securely but nails or glue can be used to strengthen the joint. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN JOINERY AND CABINETRY JOINERY. CARPENTRY. 1. Lighter and more ornamental works are done Heavier and stronger work is done. 2. A lot of processes. Fewer processes. 3. The works done are detailed Not much detail is done . 4. Joinery requires extreme precision. Precision is not required. 5. Neatness is required. Neatness is not required. 6. The end result is always in mind. The work can be changed along the way. FINISHES IN CARPENTRY AND JOINERY 1.
Varnish Hardwiring, transparent or colored, decorative and preservative finish that highlights and protects the wood surface below. Matte and high-gloss versions are available. You can buy water-based and oil-based types. For interior or exterior use as specified. Can be used on bare wood or to protect unsealed finishes, such as dye. An example of varnish applied on a wood. 2. Stain Soaks into the wood to provide a decorative and sometimes preservative finish. Darkens or colors wood. An example of staining applied on a wood 3. Dye Subtly enhances natural color or evens out shades on different pieces of wood.
Dyes can be mixed to match an existing color. Gives a matte finish. An example of dye applied on a piece of wood. 4. Wax Transparent or translucent decorative finish; some types can be buffed to a high gloss. Feeds and protects the wood but will not penetrate a sealed surface. Both water-based and oil-based types are available. An example of wax applied on a piece of wood 5. Oil Transparent finish that nourishes and protects wood. External surfaces lose their knish but stay protected. Buff to achieve mid-sheen finish. Will not penetrate a sealed surface.
For interior or exterior use. Must be applied to unsealed wood. An example of oil applied on a piece of wood. 6. Wood Preserver Prevents rot and insect damage. Available clear or colored with a matte or a semi-gloss finish. Both water-based and oil-based types are available. An example of wood preserver applied on a piece of wood. FURNITURE DESIGN Definition: Furniture design can be defined as the art and science of designing a piece of artifact for domestic, commercial or industrial use to facilitate work and aka life more comfortable. NEW TRENDS IN FURNITURE DESIGN. 1 .
Antiques. What’s “new’ about antiques this year is the way we’re pairing them with modern furniture. Instead of a dated look, the combination is fresh and fun. 2. Accent chairs. The great thing about an accent chair is that it doesn’t have to be a huge investment. For a reasonable price you can add a whole lot of oomph to a room. Go a little wild on the pattern – maybe a dramatic black and white graphic. 3. Color, color, color. Neutrals are always safe, but this year frights are the rage. Maybe a red side chair? How about an ottoman in emerald green, he color of the year?
What about a lamp with a blue base? You don’t have to reinvent your home to be current! 4. Sculptural artwork Branch out beyond framed prints and make your 2014 art collection stand out. Sculptural pieces add dimensionality to your walls. A range of materials and textures like felt, horn, ceramic and even macrame© create unique focal points and conversation topics. 5. Natural elements Natural materials are incorporated not just into wall art, but fabrics and furnishings, too. Cowhide is making a big appearance in the textile realm in a variety of colors and applications.
