Waste treatment system reported in this paper is in Batam Municipality. It is an island city in Riau Island Province of Indonesia, which is located east of Sumatera Island and near Singapore. It has a territorial area of 108,265 (ha). During the period from 2000 through 2010, the population increased at an annual average of 7. 57%. Currently, 1,168,741 citizens live in Batam Municipality. Population density has increased from 600 people/km2 in 2009 to 641 people/km2 in 2010.
Waste collecting system is done by three ways. Firstly waste is immediately brought by each resident to temporary dumping site. Secondly the waste is brought to temporary dumping site under neighborhood coordinator by using garbage cart. Thirdly the waste are collected and transported directly to final disposal site by conveyor company. Interestingly since it is difficult to find site for temporary dumping site in residential place, household waste must to be collected from door to door by conveyor company.
In the residential place, resident supplies Punggur. It is located on south eastern of Batam container such as small masonry container, plastic Island and 15,8 km from Batam Municipality central drum/thrash bin, and small bracket. Unfortunately office.
It has been operated since 1997 on the area of resident sometimes does not supply the container in 46 ha. Until now the area utilized for waste treatment particular, they just put in their household waste in is about 17 ha. the plastic bag only very cursory and then place it in Several facilities constructed in Telaga Punggur front of their house and then to be collected by FDS such as road, weighbridge (1 unit), office (1 janitors. Moreover resident has not done source unit), heavy vehicle station (1 unit), drainage, basin separation even though there were campaigns from leachate (1 unit).
Currently Telaga Punggur FDS is government. In fact source separation campaign done applying the controlled landfill for the waste by government is limited for wet and dry waste treatment where the waste in FDS is dumped, layered category. Currently there is no regulation for garbage and compacted to finally is covered with soil at least separation in this municipality. each seven days. Various attempts were also made to leachate produced using leachate management system with a touch of technology Fluidized Bed Biofilm Reactor (FBBR).
We can find other activities in Telaga Punggur FDS included waste reducing by attendance around 300 waste pickers and composting activities which is run by Telaga Punggur FDS authority. However several problems cannot be avoid such as fire accident on the landfill site because of excess production of methane gas which has not been collected technologically or leachete which not treated properly contaminated the river and the sea.
Unfortunately the capacity to transfer the waste to FDS is less than 100%. In 2012 until the month of October there was 127,763 ton of unable transported waste. It means during 2012 there was dumped waste in the city at average 420. 27 ton/day. Hereinafter there will be more complaint from residents to authority until they will dispose their garbage to road side, river, and the sea or they just left behind in the surrounding neighborhood.
The environment will be more polluted and contaminated as well as low public health will occurs since vector of contagious disease is increasing. There are at least 6 needs on existing waste treatment system in Batam Municipality as following:
- People education to reduce, reuse and recycle the waste in order to reduce waste generation. The rate of increasing waste generation will be equal with rate of population.
- People education for waste separation and proper individual waste storage in order to reduce bad odor and breeding vector of contagious disease in neighborhood.
- Neighborhoods have to supply the site and install healthy temporary dumping site so it can reduce unsightly appearance or causing nuisance and unhygienic conditions. Government can build health temporary dumping sites as pilot project.
- Increase capacity transfer of waste to FDS in order to reduce complaints from resident by supplying new fleet of vehicles which designed for reducing nuisance on the way to FDS.
- Increase capacity treatment of waste in FDS by supplying more heavy vehicles for controlled landfill proportionally toward input of waste volume.
- Upgrade new technology in FDS to collect methane gas produced in controlled landfill in order to get benefit from new waste energy resource.
Sustainable campaign and promoting mass action to decrease unnecessary/excessive packaging and be wiser on using resource. New inventory and data accumulation of waste generation. The Four waste stream separation program which are
- Empty can and bottles.
- Plactic, container and packing.
- Burnable trash/ organic.
- hazardous/unburnable Applying new rule of labeled plastic trash.
Rule for waste separation with reward and punishment. Neighborhood composting program. Trash Bank Hygiene temporary dumping site. Coordinated collecting in neighborhood. Thrash which are not in suggested thrash bag will not be transfer.
Proper waste deposit in household is one of success key in municipal waste management. Meanwhile using labeled plastic trash will facilitate waste loading to vehicle, transporting and separating the waste in FDS as well as to prevent breeding vector of contagious disease. Local government provide subsidy for trash supply to resident. Transportation using designed vehicles for reducing nuisance of waste should be done regularly to ensure the waste in containers/trolleys and dust bin sites are cleared before they start to overflowing. The frequency of transportation should be arranged accordingly.
Trash which does not put in labeled plastic bag will not be transferred. Waste delivered to FDS should be treated directly. Treatment will be done by three types in following plant:
- Recycling plant.
- Incineration and melting plant.
- Controlled landfill site.
- Leachete control reservoir.
- Leachete treatment plant.
- Operate a methane recovery and flaring system and to be used as power plant on existing controlled land fill.
Low rate supply hygienic temporary dumping site by community Low willingness to do composting in community scale Over loaded waste in temporary dumping site Low maintenance of temporary dumping site Can be minimized by using enough fleet of vehicles New zone for new advanced sanitary landfill and other plant for waste treatment.
References
- Bappeda Kota Batam. (2004). RTRW Kota Batam 2004-2014. Batam: Pemerintah Kota Batam.
- Fitrianto, A. (2007). Prospek 3R dalam Pengelolaan Sampah di Kota Batam. Yogyakarta: UGM.
- Dinas Kebersihan dan Pertamanan Kota Batam. (2012). Profil Dinas Kebersihan dan Pertamana Kota Batam. Batam: Dinas Kebersihan dan Pertamanan Kota Batam.
- Subarkah, S. , Margaretha, S. , & Hesti, L. (2012). Analisis Strategi Pengelolaan Sampah Terpadu Berbasis Masyarakat di Kota Semarang. Journal of Public Policy and Management Review, Vol. 1 No. 1.
