Between 1789 To 1975 Essay, Research Paper
Sixteen Most Significant Events in US History between 1789 to 1975
After a reappraisal of United States ’ history from 1789 to 1975, I have
identified what I believe are the 16 most important events of that
clip period. The affiliated sheet identifies the events and topographic points them in
brackets by clip period. The undermentioned treatment provides my logical thinking
for choosing each of the events and my sentiment as to their comparative
importance in contrast to each other. Finally, I have concluded that of
the 16 events, the Civil War had the most important impact on the
history of the clip period in which it occurred and remains the most
important event in American history.
The treatment begins with bracket I covering the period from 1789-1850,
and partner off the figure one seed in the bracket “ Mexican-American War ” against
the 4th seed “ Louisiana Purchase ” . The 2nd seed in the bracket
“ Marbury v Madison ” is paired against the 3rd seed “ Monroe Doctrine ” .
The purchase of Louisiana from France in 1803 was the most popular and
momentous event of the Jefferson presidential term. It had several important
economic and political deductions on this period in history. From an
economic position it doubled the size of the United States at a monetary value of
merely 15 million dollars. It allowed colony beyond the Mississippi
River in a district that was rich in minerals and natural resources. It
eliminated the United States ’ long battle for control of the Mississippi
River and its mercantile establishment to the sea, and as Jefferson stated, it freed America
from European influence at its boundary lines. In add-on to these economic
deductions, the purchase besides had historic political deductions. The
acquisition took topographic point at a clip when the authorities was still researching
the powers that the Constitution had granted it. Jefferson, himself,
carefully deliberated whether the Constitution granted him the right to
get district for the intent of expandi the Union. He reflected on
the possible demand for an amendment to the Constitution to warrant the
action. Finally, under intense force per unit area, he allowed the purchase and put
an of import case in point. His action established the power of the president
to spread out the boundary lines of the United States under the bing powers of the
Fundamental law.
Despite the economic and political deductions of the Louisiana
Purchase, the Mexican-American War ( 1846-1848 ) had more important
historical deductions on this clip period. While dissensions between
the two states had been roll uping for two decennaries, the war was
chiefly the consequence of American feelings of “ manifest fate ” to spread out
their boundary lines. The pact of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the war,
granted the United States the parts of California, Nevada and Utah, and
parts of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming. However, the
important consequence of the war on United States ’ history would be the
contention over whether the districts acquired should be break one’s back or liberate.
The state, at this clip, was divided between proslave sentiment in the
South and antislave sentiment in the North. Assorted efforts at via media
to settle the contention, such as “ The Compromise of 1850 ″ and the “ Kansas
Nebraska Act ” failed. Finally, when the issue could non be resol
peacefully, the state was drawn into a civil war. It is apparent that the
result of the Mexican-American War became one of the most influential,
indirect causes of the Civil War.
Both the Louisiana Purchase and the Mexican-American War expanded
United States boundary lines and had good economic impacts. However, the
deductions of enlargement brought about by the Mexican-American War were
more important. While the Louisiana Purchase helped specify the
constitutional powers of the president, the Mexican-American War farther
exacerbated the slave issue which finally resulted in civil war.
The Monroe Doctrine was the most of import averment to day of the month of United
States ’ foreign policy in history. The philosophy was delivered by President
James Monroe as portion of his one-year message to Congress in 1823. This
statement of place would order the policy of the United States in
international personal businesss for old ages to come. The philosophy was in reaction to
continual intervention of European states in the personal businesss of Latin America.
It provided a model for how the United States would cover with foreign
intercession in the western hemisphere. It stated that Europe was to stay
out of the personal businesss of states in the western hemisphere and any effort
to step in would be viewed as a menace to the United States. In return,
the United States agreed to remain out of European personal businesss.
Marbury V Madison is arguably one of the most of import determinations by
the Supreme Court in United States ’ history. The instance, which was presided
over in 1803 by Chief Justice John Marshall, concerned President Adams ’ s
assignment of William Marbury as Justice of the Peace in the District of
Columbia. Adams ’ s term ended before Marbury took office, and James Madison,
the new Secretary of State, attempted to keep back the assignment. Marbury
petitioned the Supreme Court under Section 13 of the Judiciary Act of 1789
to coerce Madison to allow the assignment. The tribunal refused to govern on
the assignment since Section 13 gave the Supreme Court powers non provided
by the Constitution. As a consequence, the tribunal declared Section 13
unconstitutional. The determination defined the function of the Supreme Court in
the authorities and where the tribunal tantrum into the system of cheques and
balances. The instance established power of judicial reappraisal of Congressional
statute law and represented the first judicial sertion of its right to
declare an act of Congress unconstitutional. While the Constitution did
non talk straight to this degree of judicial authorization, the instance created a
case in point which is still followed today.
When comparing the immediate impact Marbury V Madison and the Monroe
Doctrine had on this period in history, Marbury v Madison is winning.
The Marbury v Madison determination had immediate deductions. It clearly
established the place and power of the tribunal in authorities. It required
Congress to see possible constitutional deductions of all hereafter
statute law. On the other manus, the Monroe Doctrine ’ s deductions would
non be realized until beyond the 1850 ’ s when policies such as Secretary of
State Seward ’ s denouncement of Gallic intercession in Mexico and the
Roosevelt Corollary would be based on the philosophy. At the clip the
philosophy was put away, the United States lacked the military strength to
implement the philosophy. Despite European acknowledgment of the purpose of the
philosophy, it is dubious they were intimidated by it until the United
States could asseverate itself as a military power.
The finalists in bracket I are the Mexican-American War and Marbury V
Madison. In a comparing of the two, the war emerges as the event that had
the most impact on this clip period in history. Despite the importance of
Marbury V Madison as a landmark determination set uping the function of the
Supreme Court to govern on constitutional issues, its impact on the state
during this clip period was less dramatic than that of the Mexican-American
War. Although it caused Congress to be cognizant that future statute law would
be reviewed by tribunal, it would be several old ages before the tribunal would be
required to govern once more on the constitutionality of a Congressional Act. Not
until the late 1800 ’ s, when the Supreme Court ruled on certain civil
rights ’ issues, would the full deductions of the Marbury determination become
evident. Conversely, the Mexican-American War had a direct impact on many
people. First, the acquisition of new district in the West allowed
colonists to spread out beyond the Mississip opening a huge frontier which was
rich with natural resources. Second, and most of import, the war brought
the lingering argument over bondage to the head. The slavery inquiry
would shortly go the issue of the decennary, straight impacting the full
state. The acquisition of new district stirred emancipationists in the
North who viewed it as an chance to weaken the stronghold bondage had
on the state. Southerners realized that the district must be admitted as
break one’s back if they were traveling to keep their “ peculiar establishment ” and a
balance of power. As a consequence, the war became a much more important
event to the huge bulk of Americans than the deductions of Marbury V
Madison. It would drive provincialism to the breakage point and bend
Americans against each other.
The treatment continues with bracket II which covers the clip period
from 1850-1900 and pairs the figure one seed in the bracket “ Civil War ”
against the 4th seed “ Sherman Antitrust Act. ” The 2nd seed in the
bracket “ Plessy v Furgeson ” is paired against the 3rd seed “ Passage of
the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments ” .
The Sherman Antitrust Act passed in 1890 outlawed any contract,
combination, or confederacy in restraint of trade. It besides forbid any
effort to make a monopoly. The jurisprudence was aimed at battling trusts which
were being formed in the late 1800 ’ s such as U.S. Steel and Standard Oil.
It was believed that the formation of these trusts was extinguishing
competition and go forthing the consumer at the clemency of the big corporations
which controlled the monetary values of their trade goods. While the act was the
foremost important piece of statute law aimed at modulating the economic system and
placing controls over large concern, its diction was obscure, enforcement was
non really vigorous, and attorneies for the corporations found loopholes in the
jurisprudence and assorted ways of avoiding its commissariats. However, by the terminal of
the century, the jurisprudence had been strengthened and it would go an effectual
tool in “ trust busting ” , returning competition to the market place and
deriving advantage for the worker and the consumer.
The Civil War fought between the Northern provinces of the Union and the
Southern provinces of the Confederacy from 1861-1865 turned out to be the most
acrimonious battle in the state ’ s history. The war divided Americans, took more
lives than any other war, and was the ugly event in American history.
Bondage was the critical issue behind the war, but the economic competition
between the industrial North and the agricultural South contributed
significantly to the struggle. The consequences of the war in which the North
prevailed were many. About one million work forces were killed or wounded,
destructing about an full coevals. The Union was saved and bondage
was eliminated. The South was practically destroyed by conflicts which
ravaged farming areas, places, and full metropoliss. The impact of the war was so
vast that an full Reconstruction period in American history was devoted
to the political and economic rebuilding of the South. Finally, the cicatrixs
of hatred between the North and South would hold a ting consequence. Southerners
grew bitter in licking, while Northerners continued their ill will toward
the South.
In a comparing of these two events, the Civil War clearly had a
greater influence on the clip period. This decision is based non merely on
the ruinous and long term deductions of the war, but on the failure
of the Sherman Antitrust Act to hold any important impact on the
formation of trusts during this period. The act brought no anti-monopoly
millenary. The statute law itself left excessively many unreciprocated inquiries,
including what in fact constituted a monopoly and how the authorities was to
proceed in interrupting up monopolies. In add-on, the Cleveland and McKinley
disposals in the 1890 ’ s showed small involvement in implementing the
statute law. The onslaught against large concern had failed and the oppositions
of monopolies would hold to wait until following century to regenerate the attempt.
Conversely, the war had the immediate impact of continuing the Union and
covering a decease blow to bondage. In add-on, the wake of the war
would go on to be felt throughout the balance the century. The
postwar period marked a alteration from a chiefly agricultural society to a
mechanized society with quickly spread outing engineering. The drift for the
alteration came chiefly from the necessity to run into wartime demand for weaponries
and supplies, which led to new engineering. This engineering in the postwar
period would alter society dramatically. In add-on, the postwar period
would usher in the Reconstruction Era, which became one of the most complex
and controversial periods in American history. During this period, the
state would hold to cover with issues which included whether penalty
should be imposed on Southern Whites who supported the Confederacy, how to
warrant the freedom of liberated slaves, and under what conditions
should Southern provinces be readmitted to the Union. These and other issues
led to alterations which were small short of radical.
The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the
Fundamental law were monumental stairss in deriving civil rights for all
Americans. The amendments, which were passed between 1865 and 1870, were
intended to vouch societal equality for all races. The Thirteenth
Amendment ended bondage in the United States. It prohibited any
jurisprudence which would strip any individual of life, autonomy, or belongings without
due procedure of jurisprudence. The Fifteenth Amendment forbade provinces to deny the
right to vote on history of race. Although these amendments were momentous
events in vouching civil rights, their consequence during this clip period
in history would be short lived. Blacks would merely bask equality for a
few old ages until a series of Supreme Court determinations construing the
amendments would weaken them to the point that the civil rights of bla were
once more denied. It would non be until the 1950 ’ s that inkinesss would accomplish
the rights and freedoms guaranteed by these amendments. Despite this, the
transition of these amendments was a major measure toward acknowledgment of racial
equality in America in this clip period and beyond.
Plessy V Furgeson was the most influential in a series of Supreme Court
determinations which led to the rapid spread of segregation Torahs in the South.
After the Civil War and the transition of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and
Fifteenth Amendments, inkinesss were granted equal rights. However, Supreme
Court determinations construing the amendments began to restrict the extension of
these rights to inkinesss. In Plessy, which was decided in 1896, the tribunal
supported the constitutionality of a Louisiana jurisprudence necessitating separate but
equal installations for inkinesss in railway autos. The determination helped
strengthen racial segregation in American until the following century. Many
provinces would trust on the “ separate but equal ” regulation to segregate public
schools, the usage of transit and diversion, and kiping and eating
installations.
The comparing of these two events is an interesting 1. The transition
of the three amendments guaranteed civil rights for inkinesss, while Plessy V
Furgeson was the most influential determination in all but invalidating the
impact of the amendments until the 1950 ’ s. As a consequence, it is apparent that
the Plessy V Furgeson determination had a greater impact on the civil rights of
Americans during this clip period that did transition of the amendments. While
the amendments guaranteed inkinesss their most basic civil rights, the tribunal
determinations on the heels of these amendments efficaciously retracted those
rights and resulted in much greater societal deductions for inkinesss at the
clip. While finally the warrants of the amendments to supply
equality and freedom to all Americans would come to fruition, in this clip
period, they continued to be denied to inkinesss.
The finalists in bracket II are the Civil War and Plessy v Furgeson.
Comparing the impact of the two events, the Civil War emerges winning.
While the Plessy determination adversely impacted the rights that inkinesss had
been guaranteed under the Constitution, its effects were restricted
chiefly to black Americans. The Constitutional rights of the white
bulk were non affected by the determination and their manner of life was non
impacted. On the other manus, the deductions of the Civil War and the
station war period effected all Americans. The consequences of the war were
ruinous to Northerners and Southerners, black or white, whether
measured in lives or loss of belongings. Slavery, which was critical to the
economic system of the South, was eliminated. The Confederate provinces were reunited
with the North and the Union preserved. The passage from an agricultural,
rural society to an urban, mechanised society began. Finally, the postwar
Reconstruction period dramatically changed the societal and nomic construction
of the state.
Traveling to bracket III, which covers the clip period from 1900-1940, the
figure one seed in the bracket “ World War I ” is paired against the 4th
seed “ The Progressive Movement ” . The 2nd seed in the bracket “ The Great
Depression ” is paired against the 3rd seed “ The New Deal ” .
World War I involved the major European states and the United States
from 1914-1918. The primary causes of the war were powerful feelings of
patriotism throughout Europe and the formation of protective confederations
that divided Europe into two chief power groups. The United States remained
wholly impersonal from 1914-1917. However, continued break of
trade and travel on the seas by both the Alliess and cardinal powers,
particularly onslaughts by German pigboats, caused the United States to come in
the war in 1917. The U.S. engagement in the war helped turn the tide and
played a major function in the eventual licking of Germany. Despite the fact
the war was fought in Europe and U.S. casualties and belongings loss were
far less than that of the Alliess, the war had a important impact
economically, politically, and socially on the United States. While the
mobilisation attempt brought great economic prosperity to the state from
the production of wartime goods, postwar demobilisation ought about
widespread unemployment, increased labour discord, racial hatred, and poorness.
Propaganda runs, designed to make support for the war attempt,
resulted in strong anti-foreign and anti-Communist feelings, which led to
force and the misdemeanor of civil rights for many Americans. Politically,
the postwar period saw a renunciation of Progressivism and a return to the
political doctrine of the late 19th century.
Progressivism was a political motion in the United States form 1900-
1917 which attempted to pull support from both political parties for
economic, political, and societal reform. The motion marked the initial
acknowledgment that alteration was necessary if all Americans were to bask the
national promise of equality and chance. The motion was aimed at
leting all people to bask the wagess of industrialism, bettering metropolis
life, stoping political corruptness, and beef uping labour Torahs. It was a
rejection of the individualistic policy of the authorities which seemed to
support large concern at the disbursal of the worker. Progressivism was one of
the most of import reform motions in America and had a enormous impact
on this period in history. Economically, the Progressives were successful
in deriving ordinance of monopolies through rigorous enforcement of the
Sherman Antitrust Act, while the infliction of an income revenue enhancement and an extra
net income ’ s revenue enhancement helped make a more equal vitamin D ribution of wealth. Politically,
Progressives aimed at reconstructing democracy through the constitution of
referendum and callback which gave the elector a more active function in the
personal businesss of authorities. The constitution of metropolis directors and metropolis
councils helped weaken the control of political foremans and kerb corruptness.
Socially, the Progressives were successful in bettering the life
conditions of the metropolis. They were responsible for statute law government
minimal rewards for workers, restricting the hours in the work twenty-four hours, and
commanding kid labour.
However, many of the reforms brought approximately by the Progressive motion
were reversed by the societal and economic attitudes that grew out of World
War I and the postwar old ages. Demobilization and the ensuing alteration in
the economic system led to a revival of individualistic policies. Government,
which had supported labour during the war, now began to side with large
concern, and labour discord was once more common. Additions attained by the
Progressives for workers were reversed by the Supreme Court. Child labour
was reinstituted and minimal rewards for adult females were declared unconstitutional.
In add-on, the decrease of the income revenue enhancement, riddance of the surplus
net incomes ’ revenue enhancement, and an addition in the protective duty one time once more created
an unequal distribution of wealth. As a consequence of the impact the war had on
the economic system, society, and the Progressive Movement, it was the more
influential event of the period.
The Great Depression was the American economic crisis of the 1930 ’ s. It
was the longest and most terrible period of unemployment, low concern
activity, and poorness in American history. It began in October 1929 when
stock values dropped quickly. This created a twine of bank, mill, and
shop shuttings go forthing 1000000s of Americans jobless. The depression shortly
spread to other states. It caused a big lessening in universe trade because
of additions in duty rates. The depression eventually ended after the
United States increased the production of war stuffs at the start of
World War II. The depression impacted political and societal doctrines in
the United States dramatically. Policies, such as the New Deal extended
the authorities ’ s authorization to supply for the needy. New American
attitudes toward concern and authorities took clasp. Before the depression,
many regarded concern executives and bankers as the state ’ s leaders.
However, when these leaders could non alleviate Thursday epression, Americans lost
religion in them. Many people changed their basic attitude toward life
because of the agony they experienced during the depression. They had
believed that if they worked difficult, they could supply for their households
and hold a good life. The depression, nevertheless, shattered that belief. The
state of affairs was particularly difficult to understand because at that place appeared to the
mean worker to be no ground for the things that happened.
The New Deal was the economic policy established by President Roosevelt
in response to the Great Depression. He believed that the federal
authorities had the primary duty to contend the depression by
exciting the economic system. The New Deal had three chief intents. First, it
provided alleviation for the needy. Second, it aided countrywide recovery by
set uping occupations and promoting concern, and 3rd, it tried to reform
concern and authorities so a terrible depression would ne’er go on in the
United States once more. Some New Deal policies, such as the Civilian
Conservation Corps ( CCC ) , the Works Progress Administration ( WPA ) , and the
Public Works Administration ( PWA ) provided occupations in the building of
Bridgess, dikes, and Parkss. To cover with agribusiness, Roosevelt set up the
Agricultural Adjustment Administration ( AAA ) , which helped modulate farm
production and thrust monetary values up. The National Recovery Administration ( NRA )
set up and enforced regulations of just pattern in concern an ndustry. The New
Deal relieved much economic hurt and brought about some recovery. In
making so, it increased the authorities ’ s debt dramatically. Some of the
consequences of the New Deal were of import and long lasting. Even after the
depression, reforms such as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and
the Social Security Act continued to be. After the New Deal, the
authorities ’ s function in banking and public assistance would go on to turn steadily.
Both the Great Depression and plans of the New Deal were
unprecedented in United States ’ history. The state had ne’er experienced
a concern downswing that lasted every bit long as the Great Depression with as
many concern failures and every bit much widespread unemployment. Likewise, the
New Deal, which was established to alleviate the economic impact of the
depression was the first clip the authorities asserted itself to supply
public public assistance during an economic crisis. A comparing of these two events
must concentrate on which of these unprecedented happenings had a greater
impact on the American populace. Despite the efforts of the New Deal
plans to alleviate some of the economic force per unit areas, it was non a remedy for
the depression. The plans of the New Deal were successful in supplying
occupations for many Americans and supplying some economic alleviation. However,
1000000s remained unemployed and ne’er reaped the benefits of the New Deal
plans. In fact, it would non be until the get downing o orld War II that
the United States ’ economic system would wholly retrieve. On the other manus,
there was no section of the population that escaped the economic crisis
brought approximately by the depression. Lucks were lost, occupations were eliminated,
and endurance became an issue for most Americans. The Great Depression
clearly had more of an impact on this period than the New Deal.
Of the two finalists, World War I and the Great Depression, the war
stands out as the event that had the greatest impact on the state. The
depression had enormous economic, political, and societal deductions for
the period. Millions lost their occupations and were forced into poorness. The
attitudes of people towards political and concern leaders was everlastingly
changed. Those leaders, who the populace had admired were now viewed with
incredulity. Americans, who prior to the depression felt their economic system was
indestructible, became fearful of their hereafter in an economic system that could
fluctuate wildly without warning or evident cause. The depression besides
led to a dramatic alteration in authorities policy. The authorities became far
more involved in public public assistance than it had been in the yesteryear as
demonstrated by the New Deal. Policies, such as Welfare and Social
Security, which are still in pattern today, grew out of this new political
consciousness. However, the political, societal, and economic lications
World War I would hold on the state were even more far making.
Politically, the state turned inward, declining to take part in the
League of Nations. This left postwar personal businesss in Europe unsettled and would
finally lead the state into another World War. While the depression
had an tremendous consequence on the attitudes of Americans, World War I had an
even greater impact. The full American civilization would see a
revolution in the postwar jubilation. Americans were filled with optimism
during the postwar old ages. The growing of advertisement and amusement,
combined with technological progresss, such as the telecasting and wireless,
would convey about the outgrowth of a mercenary society. Economically,
the return to a peace clip economic system and the individualistic policies of the
late 1800 ’ s, se
t the phase for economic catastrophe. The reversal of many of
the additions achieved by workers combined with the decrease of revenue enhancements on the
rich, created a job in the economic system that would travel unnoticed. In
add-on, the handiness of recognition led to reckless disbursement which would
farther endanger the economic system. This unequal distribution of wealth combined
with a free disbursement attitude weakened the economic system and led to the Great
Depression.
The treatment continues with bracket IV, which covers the clip period
1940-1975 and pairs the figure one seed in the bracket “ The Vietnam War ”
against 4th seed “ World War II ” . The 2nd seed in the bracket “ The
Cuban Missile Crisis ” is paired against the 3rd seed “ The Civil Rights
Act of 1964 ″ .
The Vietnam War, which began in 1957 and lasted until 1975, was the
longest war in which the United States took portion. Vietnam was divided into
Communist ruled North Vietnam and non-Communist South Vietnam. North
Vietnam and Communist trained South Vietnamese Rebels attempted to take
over South Vietnam. The United States and the South Vietnamese ground forces tried
to halt the coup d’etat but failed. U.S. assistance to Vietnam was based on the
policy of President Truman that the United States must assist any state
threatened by Communists. Presidents Eisenhower and Kennedy adopted the
policy fearing a “ Domino consequence ” if even one sou’-east Asiatic state fell
to the Communists. After Kennedy ’ s decease, Johnson came to office in 1963
with a long standing, house committedness to containment and increased
America ’ s engagement into a major war. The Vietnam War had several
periods. From 1857- 1965, it was chiefly a battle between the South
Vietnamese ground forces and the Communist trained South Vietnamese Rebels. read-only memory
1965-1969, North Vietnam and the United States did most of the combat. By
1969, the United States had 540,000 military personnels in Vietnam. The United States ’
program, as outlined by President Johnson, was to increase the penalty
until the monetary value of go oning the war became excessively high and the enemy would
quit. The Vietnamese did non react harmonizing to program. The war appeared
endless, and eventually a defeated Johnson announced an terminal to escalation of
the war and a willingness to negociate. In January of 1973, a cease fire
was arranged and American land military personnels left Vietnam two months subsequently. The
war shortly started once more without the United States ’ engagement and on April
30,1975 South Vietnam surrendered.
The war had far-reaching effects on the United States. About 58,000
Americans died in the war and 365,000 were wounded. The United States
spent over $ 150 billion on the war. Of the 2,700,000 work forces and adult females who
fought in the war, many returned with deep psychological jobs and
suffered signifier a high rate of divorce, drug maltreatment, self-destruction, and joblessness.
Many Americans opposed the U.S. function in Vietnam and criticized returning
veterans, go forthing them with a feeling that the state did non appreciate
their forfeits. Besides as a consequence of the war, Congress and the pubic
became more willing to dispute the president on subsequent U.S. military
and foreign policy issues. The war besides became a criterion for comparing
in future state of affairss that might affect U.S. military personnels abroad. On the place
forepart, the war began a societal revolution. New vesture, music, and gender
functions cast off the societal construction of the 1950 ’ s.
World War II resulted in more deceases, cost more money, damaged more
belongings, effected more people, and globally had the most far-reaching
effects of any war in history. The three chief causes of the war were the
jobs left unsolved by World War I, the rise of dictators in Europe, and
the desire of Italy, Germany, and Japan for district. The policy of
isolationism was broken in the United States when the Nipponese bombed Pearl
Harbor, dragging America into the war. The war was fought on two foreparts,
Europe and the Pacific. The Alliess, which included the United States,
England, France, and Russia were successful in get the better ofing the axis powers
which included Italy, Germany, and Japan. World War II played a major function
in United States ’ history. From an economic position, it brought the
United States out of the depression of the 1930 ’ s. The authorities
converted industries from civilian to war production to bring forth strategic
war stuffs and instituted rationing and monetary value cont s to back up the war
attempt. Socially, the war played a major portion in altering the function of
adult females in America. As work forces went off to contend, the adult females assumed many of the
functions antecedently filled by work forces in the war workss. Politically, the war led
to the United States ’ engagement in the freshly formed United Nations,
organized to supervise international personal businesss. The major impact of the war,
nevertheless, resulted from the United States ’ determination to use the atomic
bomb. The two atomic bombs dropped on Japan in 1945 were the major factors
lending to Japan ’ s resignation. The bomb represented a immense scientific
progress in modern warfare. It opened up the possibility for huge
devastation of human life. The United States ’ determination to utilize the bomb
precipitated a postwar race to bring forth atomic arms in many states,
particularly the Soviet Union and eliminated the chance of making an
international understanding to command production and proving of such arms
for many old ages.
The significance of World War II in United States ’ history can non be
overstated. World War II had a greater economic impact on the United
States than any other war of the 20th century. Despite Roosevelt ’ s
attempts to stop the depression with the New Deal policies, it was non until
World War II and transition to a wartime economic system that the United States
emerged signifier its long economic downswing. World War II was besides responsible
for the outgrowth of atomic arms which everlastingly changed the construct of
conventional warfare, led to an weaponries race, and indirectly contributed to
the Cold War. It was the first presentation of the capableness for
devastation that atomic arms possessed. Internationally, the Soviet
Union emerged with one of the mightiest ground forcess in the universe, replacing the
axis forces as the hereafter menace to universe peace. Tensions between the
United States and Russia, sparked by Russia ’ s try to command eastern
European states after the war, led to the Cold War. postwar period besides
saw the formation of the United Nations. Contrary to the place taken
after World War I, the United States joined with the Alliess to make the
United Nations, an international organisation created to keep peace and
trade with agricultural, pecuniary, wellness, and other affairs. However, in
many respects World War II was non a alone war from the United States ’
position. In fact, the causes of the war were to a big extent a
consequence of the unfinished concern of World War I. Further, as was the instance
with World War I, the United States was winning in a comparatively short
war and the postwar temper of Americans was cheerful and optimistic.
The Vietnam War, on the other manus, was the most alone war in American
history and had more of an impact on U.S. history of the period than did
World War II. Vietnam was the lone unsuccessful war in United States ’
history. The geographics and the manner of war put the United States at a
disadvantage and made it an impossible war to win. As a consequence, unlike
old wars, it seemed to drag on with no evident advancement. The deficiency of
success, combined with a general feeling that the U.S. security was non at
hazard, divided the state into those who supported the battle against
Communism and those who opposed the war. This was contrary to the attitude
toward old wars, which were strongly supported by Americans. The
division over the war initiated a political and societal revolution.
Americans became willing to openly knock the authorities and elected
functionaries. Public protests were staged, naming for an terminal to U. S.
engagement. This public call against the authorities ’ s po ion finally
led to President Johnson ’ s determination non to seek reelection. The cultural
alterations which took topographic point as a consequence of the Vietnam War were unprecedented.
The pride of many Americans who supported the war was hurt by the licking,
and they were left acrimonious and with painful memories. Other Americans would
follow new manners of frock and music as a presentation of their resistance
to the war and the authorities. The alterations in the United States brought
approximately by the war ended the societal and cultural traditions of the pre-
Vietnam epoch and set the phase for the current societal and political
environment.
The Cuban Missile Crisis ranks as one of the most important events of
the Cold War period. For several yearss, the United States appeared to be
on the brink of a atomic war with the Soviet Union. In 1962, Cuba was
convinced that the United States was be aftering an onslaught and asked the
Soviets for extra military assistance. The Soviet Union responded with
missiles and stuffs for building of launch sites. The United States
Intelligence Agency advised President Kennedy of this atomic missile
build-up in Cuba. The president demanded that Khrushchev take the
missiles instantly, which Kennedy viewed as a misdemeanor of the American
sphere of influence. On October 22nd, Kennedy announced his class of
action which included set uping a naval encirclement to forestall farther
cargo of supplies, a demand that the bases be dismantled, and a warning
that any onslaught from Cuba would be regarded as an onslaught by the Soviet
Union, necessitating revenge from the United States. The con Nutmeg State rose in
suspense until eventually the Soviet ships were directed non to dispute the
encirclement and turn back. In a missive to Kennedy, Khrushchev expressed his
concern over the horrors of atomic war and agreed to take the missiles
if the United States would stop the naval encirclement and agree non to occupy
Cuba. The United States accepted these footings and the crisis, which had the
universe on the threshold of atomic war, was over. The Cold War would non hold
another event in which tensenesss on both sides were so high.
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was one of the strongest and most
of import pieces of statute law in support of civil rights in the United
States. The jurisprudence banned favoritism because of a individual ’ s colour, race,
national beginning, faith, or sex. The rights protected by the act are
freedom to seek employment, ballot and usage Parkss, eating houses, and other
topographic points. The act besides forbid favoritism by any plan that received
financess from the authorities. In add-on, the act authorized the Office of
Education to direct school integration in countries specified by the
authorities. The act was proposed in 1963 by President Kennedy. After his
decease, it was supported by President Johnson and passed after a drawn-out
argument in the Senate. The act reinforced the rights guaranteed by the
Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments and reversed the Supreme
Court determinations of the late 1800 ’ s which limited these rights and plagued
minorities for a century.
In a comparing of these two events, the Cuban Missile Crisis emerges
as the event which had the most impact on the period. In making this
decision, nevertheless, the importance of the Civil Rights Act can non be
ignored. In many ways the act concluded unfinished concern of the Civil
War and Reconstruction Period in specifying civil rights for all Americans.
Previous Supreme Court determinations, such as Plessy v Furgeson, had attempted
to deny many Americans the full step of rights that had been guaranteed
by the Constitution. The act was the defining statement on civil rights in
the United States, change by reversaling old Supreme Court instances and supplying
equal rights for all Americans. Despite its significance in supplying
equal chance to all Americans, its impact chiefly effected black
Americans, who had been the topic of continued favoritism. As a
consequence, it can non be considered to hold had as cosmopolitan an impact on the
American populace as the Missile Crisis. The Cuban ssile Crisis brought
tensenesss in the Cold War to the breakage point. The concern of all
Americans about the menace of atomic war seemed to be happening with
this crisis. The state was frozen in expectancy of the result.
Finally, the via media reached between Russia and the United States to stop
the crisis non merely relieved the immediate concern of a atomic war, but
marked a turning point in the Cold War. Both sides, faced with the world
of atomic devastation, realized the demand to avoid a struggle. Although
tensenesss would stay high on both sides for old ages to come, understandings were
reached to restrict the production and testing of atomic arms, and the
menace of a atomic war began to worsen.
The finalists in Bracket IV are the Vietnam War and the Cuban Missile
Crisis. They represent two of the most controversial events of the clip
period. In sing the lasting effects the Vietnam War would hold on
the United States, it emerges as the major event of the clip period.
The Cold War with the Soviet Union was the ascendant international
issue during the first 25 old ages of this clip period. The Cuban
Missile Crisis was the closest the United States came to come ining a atomic
war with the Soviet Union during the Cold War period. It represented the
specifying minute of the Cold War when anti-Communist tenseness would about
make the breakage point. The universe stood on border during the crisis. The
destructive capableness of atomic arms could hold resulted in one of the
most black events in history. However, as a consequence of the acknowledgment
by both major powers of the potency for catastrophe, the crisis was defused
through dialogues instead than confrontation. The crisis represented the
beginning of the terminal of the Cold War. The major universe powers would get down
dialogues, restricting the development, production, and proving of atomic
arms.
While the Cuban Missile Crisis had important international
deductions, the Vietnam War had a greater impact on America society and
civilization. It was the first foreign war in which U.S. forces would neglect to
achieve triumph, go forthing Americans angry and disillusioned. It appeared to
be a war without a defined cause, other than the vague premiss of
incorporating Communism in an undistinguished portion of the universe. The attitudes
in America, which resulted from the war, led to dramatic alterations in
American society and political relations, doing it the most important event of the
period. Besides the decease, hurt, and psychological jobs of those who
fought the war, many other Americans were deeply effected by the war.
They became progressively critical of the authorities ’ s motive for
affecting the state in the war and began to take a more active function in
knocking foreign policy. This rebellion would widen itself into
American civilization. Those who opposed the war and American invol ent besides
rejected much of America ’ s civilization and tradition for undisputed support
of the authorities. As a consequence, much of the American tradition for
undisputed nationalism and trueness that existed before the war would be
drastically changed, go forthing a permanent consequence on American history.
The competition has been reduced to the finalist from each of the four
brackets. In the semifinals, stand foring bracket I is the “ Mexican-
American War ” , which is paired against the finalist from bracket II the
“ Civil War ” . The other semifinal coupling matches the victor of bracket III
“ World War I ” against the victor of bracket IV the “ Vietnam War ” .
In the first semifinal matchup, the Civil War emerges as the event
that non merely had the most important impact on the clip period in which
it occurred, but besides on the hereafter of the United States. Both the Civil
War and the Mexican-American War had important economic, political, and
societal deductions. However, an scrutiny of the impact each had in
these countries clearly establishes the Civil War as the landmark event of the
clip period that brought closing to many of the issues precipitated by the
Mexican-American War. Politically, the Mexican-American War widened the
division between Democrats and Republicans over the slavery issue. Although
several efforts at via media were made, none were successful. This
political division left the state on the threshold of disintegration with no
evident solution to the issue. The Civil War, on the other manus,
preserved the Union by settling the bondage issue one time and for all and
readmitting the provinces that had succeeded from the Uni The war besides
established the Republican Party as the dominant political power in the
United States for the following several decennaries. The influence of the Democrats
instantly after the war was weakened to the point that politically the
state appeared to hold a one party system. Economically, the Mexican-
American War extended the boundaries of the United States to the Pacific,
deriving districts which were rich in natural resources. This extension
of the boundaries would let colony beyond the Mississippi, addition
agricultural production, and play a major function in American economic growing.
The impact of the Civil War on the U.S. economic system was even more dramatic.
The war devastated the economic system of the South. Not merely were agricultural
resources of the part destroyed, but slave labour, on which the economic system
was based, was eliminated. The Civil War besides marked the transmutation of
the U.S. from what had been chiefly an agricultural society into an industrial
society. This displacement in the economic system resulted from quickly altering
engineering which came as a direct response to wartime demands. The outgrowth
of the U.S. as an industrial society besides resulted in the North replacement
the South as the economic centre of the state. Socially, the Mexican-
American War heightened the argument over the issue of bondage. on which the
societal construction of the South was based. Northern Abolitionists seized the
chance to dispute admittance of the new districts as slave provinces
and interrupt the balance of free and break one’s back provinces in Congress. Southerners
realized that as bondage grew more unpopular in the North, its endurance
depended on its enlargement into new districts. None of the via medias
offered after the Mexican-American War would take to declaration of the
issue. The Civil War, nevertheless, provided a lasting solution to the issue.
As a consequence of the Emancipation Proclamation and transition of the Thirteenth,
Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments, bondage was eliminated and t he
United States began the procedure of guaranting civil rights for all Americans
and coercing a complete reordering of the South ’ s societal construction.
In the 2nd semifinal coupling, World War I emerges as the event that
had the most important impact on the United States. Both World War I and
the Vietnam War ended without deciding many issues that precipitated the
struggles. In the instance of World War I, although the Alliess were winning,
the United States ’ refusal to take part in the Treaty of Versailles and
the League of Nations left unsettled many issues that would finally take
to another World War. These events signaled the terminal of Wilsonian idealism
and began a reactionist period in the U.S. that would trip important
economic, political, and societal alteration. With regard to the Vietnam War,
the inability of the U.S. forces to weaken the North Vietnamese resistance,
combined with the authorities ’ s inability to keep popular support for
the war, led to the eventual backdown of American military personnels without triumph.
The popular call against this war, combined with the failure of the
attempt to achieve any touchable R lts, brought about another ultraconservative
period. In my sentiment, nevertheless, the impact of events of the station Vietnam
War period were less important and far making than those that followed
World War I.
The station World War I period in the U.S. resulted in a rejection of the
idealistic doctrine of President Wilson. The resistance to Wilson ’ s
policies and the political relations of the period prevented the United States from
take parting in the pact to settle the war. They besides prevented U.S.
engagement in the League of Nations, an organisation whose intent was
to forestall farther struggles. As a consequence, many issues of import to a
enduring peace were left unaddressed and this would finally take to World
War II. The period besides marked the terminal of the Progressive doctrine of
the prewar period. America ’ s postwar optimism led to a revival of
individualistic economic policies and a return to the political doctrine of
the 19th century. This alteration in economic policy and political
doctrine began to put the phase for the Great Depression. American
society became really mercenary. The handiness of recognition led to liberate
disbursement. Many of the advantages gained by workers 500 ng the Progressive
epoch were reversed, while revenue enhancements on the rich were reduced. This combination
of events would ensue in the unequal distribution of wealth which would
trip the depression. Socially, the postwar period witnessed wide-scale
favoritism. The propaganda runs of the war had resulted in strong
anti-foreign, anti-Communist feelings. Immigrants were frequently falsely
accused of being Communists, Socialists, or groups, cabaling against
the United States. Members of labour brotherhoods were frequently targeted as being
anti-American. This clime often led to force and the misdemeanor
of the civil rights of many Americans.
The Vietnam War and postwar period besides resulted in a period of
important societal and political alteration. The division in the state
between those who supported the war and those who opposed it led to a
political and societal revolution. Americans began, as ne’er in the yesteryear, to
inquiry and publically protest determinations made by the authorities and elected
functionaries. Congress and the populace challenged the president on U.S.
military and foreign policy issues. The war became a criterion for
comparing in future state of affairss that might affect U.S. military personnels abroad. The
American civilization and tradition for unquestioning support of the authorities
ended and the perceptual experience of what constituted nationalism and trueness changed
dramatically. However, none of these alterations led to a major economic
downswing, precipitated a war, or denied the civil rights of Americans as
did the events following World War I.
The two finalists in the competition are from bracket II, the “ Civil
War ” , and from bracket III, “ World War I ” . Despite the important
deductions of World War I and the fact that the Civil War occurred over
one hundred old ages ago, the Civil War remains as the most of import event in
American history. Unlike the Civil War, World War I was non fought on U.S.
dirt, the destiny of the Union was non in hazard, and the political,
economic, and societal deductions were non about every bit important or long
lasting as those of the Civil War.
From a political position, an scrutiny of World War I reveals two
major consequences. First, after the failure to negociate a station war pact
acceptable to the U. S. Congress followed by the United States ’ refusal to
participate in the League of Nations, the U.S. entered a period of
isolationism. Affairs in Europe remained unsettled. The deficiency of
engagement by the United States in the colony of the postwar issues
contributed to the causes of World War II. Besides, the failure of Wilson ’ s
political theory of idealism would ensue in a return to the laissez-faire
political doctrine of the late 1800 ’ s and the reversal of many of the
positive accomplishments of the Progressive Era. The political consequences of the
Civil War, nevertheless, were more important. The saving of the Union,
the most important political consequence of the Civil War, was besides one of
the most important events in the history of the United States. Had the
Southern provinces been allowed to win from the Un, the history of the
United States, as we know it today, would non be. In add-on, the
outgrowth of the Republicans as the dominant party for about the following 1
hundred old ages had a major influence on the economic and societal doctrine
of the state. It was non until Roosevelt and the New Deal that the
individualistic policies of the Republicans would be repudiated.
World War I had a important impact on the economic system. During the
mobilisation period, the transition to a wartime economic system resulted in
increased employment. However, at the terminal of the war, the failure of the
authorities to modulate the demobilisation period resulted in high
unemployment and rising prices. This combined with the fact that labour lost
many grants won during the Progressive Era, such as the rights of
labour brotherhoods to strike, resulted in worse conditions for workers than in
the prewar epoch. At the same clip, recognition became readily available and
economic guess was rampant. The cumulative consequence of these
conditions would take to an unequal distribution of wealth and set the
phase for the Great Depression. The economic deductions of the Civil War
and postwar period, nevertheless, contributed to a extremist alteration in the overall
economic construction of the United States. The Southern economic system, based on
bondage and agribusiness, was destroyed by the Civil War. The eliminatio degree Fahrenheit
bondage, combined with betterments in engineering to run into wartime demands,
changed the United States ’ economic system from what had antecedently been agricultural
based to an industrial, mercantile economic system. Coinciding with this economic
displacement, the North would derive laterality over the South as the economic centre
of the state. For old ages after the Civil War, the South would fight to
reconstruct its economic system and get down the slow procedure of industrialisation.
Finally, from a societal position, the consequence of World War I was
marked by favoritism towards inkinesss and immigrants. Americans became
distrustful of aliens as a consequence of propaganda runs designed to
addition support for the war. Blacks, who relocated to the North to make full occupations
of enlisted work forces, were blamed for the jobs of unemployment during the
demobilisation period. Many Americans who were guiltless of any incorrect making
were accused of being anti-American or Communist sympathisers. The civil
rights of many of these people were frequently violated. The societal
deductions of the Civil War, nevertheless, are the most of import in the
history of the United States. The war provided the foundation for the
Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments, which guaranteed civil
rights to all Americans. While inkinesss would go on to be discriminated
against, the terminal of bondage and transition of the amendments was the first
acknowledgment of equality for all Americans.
In decision, each of the 16 events discussed has had a
important impact on American history. Each event has played a function in
determining the political, economic, and societal construction of the United States.
Not merely were these events important to the clip period in which they
occured, but they besides had a permanent consequence on the hereafter of the state.
