Skanderbeg’s Diplomatic and Military Skills Sample

George Kastrioti. besides known as Skanderbeg. was a fifteenth century Albanian leader. Born in 1405 to the baronial Kastrioti household. he was raised in a small town in Dibra. As a immature kid. he was taken surety by Sultan Murad II and as a consequence. he fought for the Ottoman Empire as a General. In one of his conflicts. he deserted the Ottomans and became the swayer of Kruje. However. there is broad argument over how influential Skanderbeg’s diplomatic and military accomplishments were in protecting the Albanian people. which raises the research inquiry: To what extent did Skanderbeg’s diplomatic and military accomplishments prevent the Ottomans from taking over Albania? Although Skanderbeg’s triumphs and losingss during his clip of protecting Albania are good documented. it is still ill-defined as to the extent of Skanderbeg’s diplomatic and military accomplishments in forestalling Ottoman regulation over Albania.

Much of what we know about Skanderbeg comes from the museum that is located in Kruje palace. incorporating art composings. rock and wood engravings. and maps that portray Skanderbeg’s life against the Ottomans. In this essay. I propose that both Skanderbeg’s diplomatic and military accomplishments were successful in forestalling the Ottomans from taking over Albania to a big extent. as many different techniques within each class were used. His diplomatic accomplishments were important in supporting Albania since he required a huge sum of work forces to assist against the Ottoman onslaughts ; he showed his diplomatic negotiations accomplishments through household and ground forcess in order to keep connexions with powerful Alliess. His military accomplishments were besides of import. and he portrayed these accomplishments through his tactics. and through his morale boosting techniques.

Introduction

During the fifteenth century. the Ottoman Empire was one of the strongest powers in the universe. Their program was to rule Western Europe. and one time they arrived in Europe. most of the settlements fell to the Ottomans. However. their chief end was to capture Rome. and the lone manner they could acquire to Rome was to travel through a little state called Albania. In Albania. they were opposed by a captain called Gjergj Kastrioti. nicknamed Skanderbeg. Within his state. he had a fortress on the side of a mountain. and ne’er more than twenty 1000 armed work forces at his disposal. Yet. under his leading. he was able to keep the mightiest ground forces of the universe at bay. salvaging non merely his ain state from licking. but with it the peninsula of Italy and the balance of Western Europe [ 1 ] . To what extent did Skanderbeg’s diplomatic and military accomplishments prevent the Ottomans from taking over Albania? In the long struggle against the Ottomans. Skanderbeg’s diplomatic and military accomplishments were really effectual in fending off the Ottomans from capturing Albanian district to a big extent.

Section One: Diplomatic SkillsWhen Skanderbeg foremost abandoned his function as a general for the Ottomans in order to protect Albania from them. Skanderbeg needed effectual diplomatic accomplishments in order to adequately fend off the Ottomans from their land. He foremost used his household in order to keep connexions with powerful Alliess that would finally supply assistance for him in the long tally. Skanderbeg had nine siblings. five of them sisters including: Mara. Angelina. Jelena. Vlajka and Mamica. and all of them married persons of high power. which would greatly back up Skanderbeg in the hereafter. since they provided him with work forces that were used to contend off the Ottomans from Albanian district. The first household Skanderbeg was connected to was with the Crnojevic household. through Mara ; they finally became the first royal Montenegrin household in bid of many soldiers. many of whom were provided to Skanderbeg. since he required a big sum of work forces in order to protect Albania from the Ottomans. who had the largest ground forces at that clip.

He was so connected with the Arianiti household. through Angelina. who already had a good relationship with the Byzantine imperial household. who had one of the strongest ground forcess and besides put forth soldiers for Skanderbeg to take. Jelena and Vlajka provided Skanderbeg connexions with the Musachi household. who had an admirable relationship with the Venetians. and provided Skanderbeg with the most sum of assistance. non merely soldiers. but besides other supplies including money and nutrient. Finally. Mamica connected Skanderbeg with the Balsha household. whose power and pretenses were already well-established. [ 2 ] Once Skanderbeg maintained connexions with the influential leaders through matrimony. Skanderbeg strengthened his diplomatic ties by ramifying out and linking with other ground forcess. These groups can be categorized into spiritual leaders. Italians and other neighbouring ground forcess. Skanderbeg foremost reached out to Pope Pius and the Holy Army in order to have some work forces from the Pope in order to support Albania.

Pope Pius declared a campaign against the Turks. and promised any Christian ground forcess that would help him would be protected by his really powerful ground forces. Skanderbeg was one of the Christian ground forcess who accepted Pope Pius’s offer. [ 3 ] This connexion showed Skanderbeg’s diplomatic accomplishments since he supported the Pope in his campaign. and in return the Pope would supply Skanderbeg with the work forces to keep off the Ottomans in their mission to take over Albania. However. Pope Pius died a few months subsequently after the campaign. which was initiated on November 17. 1463. and Skanderbeg ne’er received any work forces. [ 4 ] Regardless. this demonstrates how he successfully negotiated with Pope Pius about the fact that if he were to contend with him. that Skanderbeg would be able to have soldiers to protect him from the Ottomans. Another spiritual leader who supported Skanderbeg was Pope Eugene IV. Just as Pope Pius had done. Pope Eugene IV besides invited Skanderbeg to take portion in the campaign initiated by Gjon Hunyadi. the Magyar leader. who besides gained regard for Skanderbeg due to the fact that he abandoned his function as general in the Ottoman ground forces. [ 5 ]

Once Skanderbeg assisted them. they supplied him with some work forces to protect him from the Ottomans. [ 6 ] His diplomatic accomplishments continued to be demonstrated when he assisted Pope Eugene IV and Gjon Hunyadi in their clip of demand. In return. they supported Skanderbeg when he required attending. by providing him with soldiers from their ground forcess. Finally. Skanderbeg was able to have the support from many other Christian Armies when Skanderbeg converted back to Christianity from Islam. [ 7 ] The fact that Skanderbeg converted back to Christianity after holding followed the Muslim faith while he was contending for the Ottomans demonstrates Skanderbeg’s diplomatic abilities since he so received aid and dialogues from fellow strong Christian ground forcess once they realized that Skanderbeg converted. When mentioning to the Italians. the first ground forces Skanderbeg aligned himself with were the Venetians. When the Albanians and the Ottomans had declared a armistice. Skanderbeg took this clip to aline himself with persons who would supply him with the work forces necessary to adequately protect and support Albania from the Ottomans if the armistice were to be broken. which finally occurred. [ 8 ]

This armistice with the Ottomans was intended to galvanize the Venetians into giving greater consideration to Albanian intents than they had of all time done in the yesteryear. This successful confederation with the Italians clearly shows Skanderbeg’s diplomatic accomplishments in order to derive more work forces. After this. there was a point in clip in which the Venetians were against Skanderbeg ; nevertheless. dialogues for peace were opened at Lezhe . with Paolo Loredan and Andrea Venier as the Venetian representatives ; and Gjergj Pellini. Abbot of St. Mary of Rotezo. and Bishop Andrev of Kruje as representatives of Skanderbeg. These dialogues were set due to the many lickings the Venetians suffered by Skanderbeg. [ 9 ] After the struggle Skanderbeg had with the Venetians. the Venetians gained regard for Skanderbeg due to his tactics on the battleground. Skanderbeg’s diplomatic accomplishments were sustained as he maintained his confederations with the Venetians due to the licking that the Venetians had suffered by him. and from the regard they had gained from his tactics on the battleground.

Another Italian person Skanderbeg was able to aline himself with. was King Ferdinand. After a missive that Skanderbeg sent to King Ferdinand. work forces were deployed to his ground forces due to the fact that Skanderbeg had provided work forces for King Ferdinand in the yesteryear ; the missive that Skanderbeg sent stated: …My Lord. the worst sort of people in my sentiment are those who see their Godheads or Alliess or friends over taken by some sort of problem and delay to be called upon or asked for help… I am certainly Your Majesty will retrieve that every bit shortly as perturbations and rebellion broke out in your land. I sent my individual. my goods and all I have in the universe. All I ask in return Your Majesty is to make the same for me. in my clip of demand. [ 10 ]

After directing this missive to King Ferdinand. work forces were sent to Skanderbeg in order to protect Albania from the Ottomans. Skanderbeg’s diplomactic accomplishments through negociating work forces to protect his state. were due to the fact that he had assisted King Ferdinand in the yesteryear and had had his trueness. The concluding Italian Skanderbeg was able to develop confederations with during his clip against the Ottomans was King Alfonso V. the Aragonese King of Naples. On March 2nd. 1444. Skanderbeg. and a figure of neighbors. came together at the Cathedral of St. Nicholas in Lezhe . on March 2nd. 1444 to convey together all of his forces. This confederation is now known as the League of Lezhe . [ 11 ] However. many months subsequently. Skanderbeg had to cover with two jobs within the League of Lezhe ; he had to animate the League despite Venetian indifference or ill will. and he had to win back Arianiti.

The fact that Skanderbeg was married to his girl took attention of that personal job. The political job. nevertheless. demanded a patron for a revived League. and the lone adult male who could make full this function was King Alfonso V. The fact that Skanderbeg rebuilt the League of Lezhe by patronizing King Alfonso V displays Skanderbeg’s diplomatic accomplishments since he was reconstructing the League and at the same clip. was mending the political jobs he had with the Arianiti household and the Venetians. During Skanderbeg’s clip in which he was supporting Albania from the Ottomans. Skanderbeg was besides able to keep diplomatic dealingss with a figure of other neighboring ground forcess. and the first one of these neighboring leaders was Gjon Hunyadi. As antecedently explained. Gjon Hunyadi was the Magyar leader during Skanderbeg’s clip. and Gjon and Skanderbeg foremost met when Skanderbeg fought for the Ottoman ground forces. When Skanderbeg was portion of the Ottoman Army. they waged war against Hungary. against the commanding officer Gjon Hunyadi. It was during this conflict that Skanderbeg left the Ottoman ground forces. which showed a great regard towards Hunyadi.

This move helped Skanderbeg in the hereafter since Hunyadi in return provided work forces for Skanderbeg to protect Albania from the Ottomans. [ 12 ] Leaving the Ottoman ground forces provided him with more work forces to protect against the Ottomans. since they now considered Skanderbeg as a treasonist. Another person who provided assistance to Skanderbeg when he needed it most was a adult male named Moses Golemi. the Chieftain of Dibra. Skanderbeg met and aligned himself with a taking captain of Dibra. Moses Golemi. With the aid of Moses. they captured Svetigrad. a fortress strategically placed on the boundary line between Albania and Macedonia. After Skanderbeg realised that the fortress was indispensable for the Turks in order to hold an effectual assault on Kruje. the bosom of Albania. he left Moses in charge of the fortress. [ 13 ] Skanderbeg’s diplomatic accomplishments are demonstrated here since Skanderbeg allied himself with the captain of Dibra. and used him to his advantage. and with the aid of his military accomplishments. efficaciously captured and defended Svetigrad before the Ottomans had the chance to assail.

Moses and Skanderbeg would keep this relationship for many old ages. and would be really effectual in protecting Albania from the powerful Ottoman ground forces. In Skanderbeg’s run of supporting Albania. Skanderbeg’s brother-in-laws provided a great trade of aid to him since they were able to set about 12. 000 work forces into Skanderbeg’s ownership. This confederation came together on March 2nd. 1444 to convey together all of the confederations. which is now known as the League of Lezhe. [ 14 ] as antecedently explained. This collaborative attempt demonstrates Skanderbeg’s diplomatic accomplishments as he brought together all of his Alliess and formed one big ground forces in order to support Albania against the Ottomans.

This confederation was really utile for Skanderbeg since his Alliess were able to supply him with a big sum of work forces who would greatly hold an impact on Albania’s defense mechanism against the Turks. Finally. many unknown ground forcess came to Skanderbeg due to the figure of triumphs and the deficiency of losingss that he had during his run against the Ottoman Empire. Because of his repute for successful conflicts and triumphs. many parts were given to Skanderbeg. which shows Skanderbeg’s diplomatic accomplishments through ground forcess. Section Two: Military Skills

Skanderbeg maintained stable connexions with a big figure of work forces in order to fix defense mechanisms against the Ottomans. Skanderbeg was therefore able to utilize his military accomplishments in order to support Albania from the Ottomans with the smallest figure of casualties. Although Skanderbeg was well-known for his accomplishments in diplomatic negotiations. Skanderbeg was besides really celebrated for his tactical accomplishments. as he used both defensive and violative tactics in order to forestall the Ottomans from taking over Albania. The most of import tactics that were important for Albania’s freedom was Skanderbeg’s accomplishment in defensive tactics. He foremost showed his endowment in defensive schemes by taking Kruje as the chief fortress. Due to the placement of the Kruje fortress. the Turks were at a disadvantage. The fortress was about portion of the mountain against which it had been built.

Skanderbeg. was cognizant of the fact that this location was hard to pelt and take this fortress to be the chief fortress. [ 15 ] This location as a chief fortress shows Skanderbeg’s accomplishment in defensive tactics due to the fact that he knew that the Turks were technologically advanced at the clip. with the most advanced heavy weapon. So. by taking a chief fortress in which barrage with heavy weapon was hard. caused the Turks to be at a disadvantage and made it much more hard for the Ottomans to take over Kruje. Another manner in which Skanderbeg portrayed adept defensive tactics was through the alterations of his defense mechanisms. He foremost modified defense mechanisms in Svetigrad due to its importance in the war. In add-on. cognizing that the Ottomans would outnumber the Albanians in conflict. Skanderbeg fortified defense mechanisms in Svetigrad. in order to forestall the Ottomans from capturing it.

He was so put to the trial in 1450. when the Ottomans attempted to assail Skanderbeg in Svetigrad. by conveying 150. 000 work forces to assail. However. Skanderbeg’s defense mechanisms were excessively strong for the Ottomans. and the Ottomans had to withdraw since disease was get downing to distribute in their cantonment. and since winter was coming. they had to abandon the besieging. [ 16 ] Another tactical move that Skanderbeg made was to modify defense mechanisms in Lower Dibra. since he noticed for the first clip an unguarded base on balls through which the Turks could come in unopposed. Therefore. Skanderbeg had workingmans and regulation sent in from Kruje. and within six months. a fortress had been built to overlook that country which was called Modrici. The fact that Skanderbeg built a little fortress near the base on balls through which the Turks could travel through shows Skanderbeg’s military accomplishments. since he knew that high security of that country would be required. and that the Turks most likely knew of this base on balls. Later in the war between the Albanians and the Ottomans. the Ottomans created a new arm of heavy weapon. which posed a great menace towards the defense mechanisms in all of Skanderbeg’s palaces.

In order to derive some protection from the new arm of heavy weapon. perpendicular walls were modified to inclining 1s in order to minimise the harm done by the cannon balls. [ 17 ] By modifying his defense mechanisms in all of his palaces. Skanderbeg reveals his military accomplishments seeing that he knew that if he did non make this. palaces would be destroyed really easy. which would besides do many casualties. As an expert tactician. Skanderbeg was to the full cognizant of this. which shows Skanderbeg’s military accomplishments. The onslaught at Ujebardha was another struggle in which Skanderbg used his defensive tactics to get the better of the Ottoman ground forces. In 1457. the Ottomans brought 90. 000 soldiers in another effort return over the Albanian land. led by General Isa beg Evrenoz. an experient tactician. After hedging the ground forces for months. Skanderbeg attacked the Ottoman cantonment at Ujebardha on September 2nd. and defeated them.

On June 22nd. 1461. Skanderbeg and the Sultan declared peace. [ 18 ] Skanderbeg fought many conflicts after this in order to back up their Alliess in Naples and renegades within his ain state. This shows Skanderbeg’s military accomplishments as he was able to hedge the ground forces until he believed his ground forces was ready to assail. which was in the Ottoman cantonment at Ujebardha. In relation to Skanderbeg’s triumph in Ujebardha. he besides used these same sorts of tactics in order to support many Albanian cantonments that were located near Kruje. Balaban Pasha. a new general under the Ottoman ground forces. tried to complete the run every bit fast as he could and wanted to corrupt an Albanian cantonment near Kruje to allow them through. However. Skanderbeg anticipated these Turkish motions and waited for him to get and get the better of his ground forces at the Albaniancantonment. [ 19 ] This expectancy of a possible planned onslaught by the resistance continues to show Skanderbeg’s tactical accomplishments. Many old ages subsequently. Firuz Pasha heard that the Albanian forces had been disbanded. so he planned to process rapidly with his 15. 000 military personnels down the vale of Prizen. and arrive unheralded outside Kruje itself. [ 20 ]

However. Skanderbeg was already cognizant of this. and prepared to scupper the encroachers. which succeeded and resulted in many casualties for the Ottoman ground forces. Skanderbeg’s usage of scuppering the encroachers shows Skanderbeg’s defensive tactical accomplishments in order to get the better of Firuz’s military personnels with the least sum of losingss on Skanderbeg’s side. In add-on to his tactic. the fact that Skanderbeg had the ability to rapidly respond and come up with the determinations to get the better of the Ottoman ground forces besides shows Skanderbeg’s military accomplishments. When Skanderbeg was non utilizing defensive tactics to protect Albania. he employed violative tactics in order to support Albania from the Ottoman ground forces. One technique he used in order to assail the Ottomans was surprise onslaughts. He foremost applied this manner of assailing by capturing the fortress of Trani without the Ottomans being cognizant. Now that Skanderbeg had control of this country. he now waited for the Ottomans to go through by and await licking by Skanderbeg’s work forces within the fortress.

When the Turks were traveling past the fortress of Trani. unaware that Skanderbeg had captured it. Skanderbeg and his forces massacred the Turks and forestalling them to acquire to Kruje. [ 21 ] This shows Skanderbeg’s military accomplishments since he was cognizant of the fact that he would hold a tactical advantage to assail the Ottomans from the fortress. since they did non cognize he was at that place. It besides demonstrates how he used his military accomplishments to forestall the Ottomans to make Kruje. the bosom of Albania. Skanderbeg besides used his surprise onslaught technique during the conflict of Torviollo. In this conflict. The Turks sent out a good known general named Ali Pasha to take attention of the ‘Albanian situation’ . Militarily. Skanderbeg expected this and was prepared to contend in Torviollo. a grassy highland incline flanked by forests. When the two military personnels met up. the Ottomans expected an easy triumph due to the deficiency of work forces that stood in forepart of Ali Pasha. However. the remainder of Skanderbeg’s work forces were concealing in the forests fixing for a wing.

This tactic. chosen by Skanderbeg. was rather successful since the Turks were defeated by three in the afternoon [ 22 ] This conflict displays Skanderbeg’s military accomplishments because the location in which he fought was chosen to his advantage by concealing his soldiers in the wood around the battleground in order to flank the Ottoman fleet. which was led by a good known general. The 1446 invasion farther exemplifies Skanderbeg’s success as a military strategian. The invasion was led by one of the Sultan’s generals. this clip Mustafa Pasha. Pasha attempted to avoid pitched conflicts and ambuscades. So Skanderbeg. holding failed to convey Pasha to conflict. retired to the hills. and on the dark of 27th September. the Albanians entered the kiping Turkish cantonment and killed those who did non pull off to get away. [ 23 ] This tactic to assail the Turks at dark shows Skanderbeg’s military accomplishments since he realised that his two old tactics were evaded by the Turks.

The other technique Skanderbeg used. nevertheless less frequently. was the direct onslaught technique. He foremost used this technique through the manner he really captured the fortress of Trani. He did this by ask foring Antonio Josciano Infusado. the enemy commanding officer of the fortress of Trani for a conference. and one time they met. Skanderbeg kidnapped him and made him manus over the fortress. [ 24 ] He chose to this due to the fact that it was the perfect location for Skanderbeg to assail the Turks. [ 25 ] The manner Skanderbeg received this location was due to the accomplishment he had in violative tactics. more specifically. his direct onslaught technique. It shows Skanderbeg’s military accomplishments since he was capable of gulling the enemy commanding officer to manus over the fortress.

The violative tactical accomplishments is besides shown since Skanderbeg now expected that the Ottomans would non be cognizant of his presence in this fortress. in which the Ottomans would hold to go through through in order to acquire to Kruje. Skanderbeg used this tactic once more to assail a fresh Turkish force which was sent to alleviate the one which had been puting besieging to Kruje since the old twelvemonth under Balaban Pasha. . Skanderbeg attacked them before they could fall in up with the besiegers. which made it easier for his ground forces to fend off the Ottomans. [ 26 ] Skanderbeg’s military accomplishments are clearly displayed here since he decided to get the better of the two leaders before run intoing up with the chief group. This determination by Skanderbeg prevented a heavy. direct onslaught on Kruje. Skanderbeg was really militarily skilled utilizing tactics as shown from his successful defensive and violative tactics. However. Skanderbeg was besides an expert in hiking the morale of his soldiers. which was besides really of import in supporting Albania from the Ottoman ground forces. One manner Skanderbeg boosted the morale of his soldiers was through triumphs.

The first clip it was apparent that Skanderbeg had boosted the morale of his soldiers was when Skanderbeg’s army defeated Balaban Pasha’s ground forces. For illustration. Balaban Pasha tried to get the better of Skanderbeg by conveying 40. 000 work forces with him North of Berat to get the better of Skanderbeg in combat. In this conflict. Skanderbeg was winning with merely 12. 000 work forces at his disposal. [ 27 ] This triumph had a positive impact on his soldiers. Skanderbeg’s military accomplishments are displayed in the winning conflict against 40. 000 work forces where he boosted the morale of the soldiers since they were greatly outnumbered with merely 12. 000 work forces and were still winning. [ 28 ] In add-on. in every conflict in which Skanderbeg had been involved. he would stop the conflict with really minimum casualties. This success farther boosted the assurance of the soldiers contending for him. since they were more confident of the fact that they were non traveling to decease in conflict with Skanderbeg as their leader. Skanderbeg’s well-planned and thoughtful tactics besides boosted the morale of his soldiers. since he would ever stop conflicts with minimum casualties which would promote more work forces to finally contend for him.

In add-on to hiking morale through triumphs. Skanderbeg besides increased the morale of his soldiers by other agencies. The most of import was when Skanderbeg was appointed Captain General of the Holy See by Pope Calixus III. [ 29 ] The fact that Skanderbeg was appointed to such a high ranking by such an influential single boosts the morale of his soldiers since they are now being lead by a high ranked single. He besides boosted the morale of his soldiers because at the clip. the fact that Skanderbeg’s female parent was Serbian did non act upon the sum of Albanians contending for him. and brought many Serbians to contend for him. Skanderbeg. recognizing this. embraced Serbian traditions in order to maintain them fight with him. [ 30 ] This shows how Skanderbeg boosted the morale of the non-Albanian soldiers contending with him. and how Skanderbeg was able to hold so many non–Albanian soldiers. Decision

Through the grounds provided. Skanderbeg’s diplomatic and military accomplishments. to a big grade. prevented the Ottomans from taking over Albania. He systematically demonstrated a manner of diplomatic negotiations and military tactics which enabled Skanderbeg to return to Kruje. recover his father’s land which had been lost to the Ottomans. He besides united the Albanian folk under the League of Lezhe. which played a dramatic function in supporting Albania. and successfully established and maintained confederations with neighbouring states. Skanderbeg besides played a immense function in the neighbouring states since he proved to be a trusty and loyal ally by assisting these states in their clip of demand.

He helped set Albania on the map. and was besides recognized by the Pope and received the rubric ‘Captain General of the Holy See’ . a really high Christian rank. During his clip of opposition. Skanderbeg distracted the Ottomans from assailing Italy. which helped the Italians to form defense mechanisms and do stronger political confederations. Overall. Skanderbeg was really of import to the Albanian people and is now recognized as a fable in Albanian history due to his model accomplishments as a military strategian and a diplomat.

Plants Cited

1. Albanian Figures Skanderbeg – Skenderbeu hypertext transfer protocol: //rubin. fiscal. officelive. com/AlbanianFigures. aspx. Accessed: December 21st. 2011
2. Fitzhenry. James. George Kastrioti Skanderbeg “Iskander” hypertext transfer protocol: //www. roman-catholic-saints. com/skanderbeg. hypertext markup language. Accessed: December 20th. 2011
3. Hodgkinson. Harry Scanderbeg: From Ottoman Captive to Albanian Hero. U. S. A: I. B Tauris. 2005
4. History of War. Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg ( 1405-1468 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www. historyofwar. org/articles/people_skanderbeg. hypertext markup language Accessed: December 19th. 2011
5. Islami and Frasheri. Historia e Shqiperise . Tirane : Office of scholarly publications of the Socialist Republic of Serbia. 1968. p268
6. Malcom. Noel. . Kosovo: A Short History. London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd. 1998
7. Noli. Fan Stylian. George Castrioti Scanderbeg ( 1405 – 1468 ) . New York:International Universities Press. 1947
8. Schmitt. Oliver Jens. Skenderbeu. Tirane : K & A ; B Publications. p129

Harry Hodgkinson. Scanderbeg: From Ottoman Captive to Albanian Hero ( U. S. A: I. B Tauris. 2005 ) . The beginning of this book is from the United States. written by the writer Harry Hodgkinson in 2005. He is a author. journalist and naval intelligence officer. The intent of this book is to inform readers briefly of the life of Skanderbeg. so travel more in-depth about the conflicts that Skanderbeg led in order to keep off the Ottomans from taking over Albania during his life. The value of this work is that there is a list of beginnings. Since this beginning includes a list of beginnings. it shows that Harry Hodgkinson used expressed support and grounds to back up his claims within the monograph. He is besides an expert on the Balkans. which is really valuable when sourcing this piece of authorship. However. its restrictions include the fact that it is a monograph. Because it is a monograph. non all of the information given is related specifically to Skanderbeg’s military or diplomatic accomplishments. It provides a general overview and history. merely adverting facets of the military and diplomatic elements. Another restriction is the fact that there are some perspective issues. as he over-traumatizes some events. in order to side with the Albanians.

1. Harry Hodgkinson. Scanderbeg: From Ottoman Captive to Albanian Hero ( U. S. A: I. B Tauris. 2005 ) . 40.
2. Fan Stylian Noli. George Castrioti Scanderbeg ( 1405 – 1468 ) . New York: International Universities Press. 1947. 35.
3. Oliver Jens Schmitt. Skenderbeu. Tirane : K & A ; B Publications. p129
4. James Fitzhenry. George Kastrioti Skanderbeg “Iskander” hypertext transfer protocol: //www. roman-catholic-saints. com/skanderbeg. hypertext markup language. Accessed: December 20th. 2011

The beginning of this beginning is a secondary beginning that is an internet papers from the Roman Catholic Saints web site. The intent of this beginning is to supply an overview of the events of Skanderbeg’s life for persons interested. Its value is that it is an overview. which provides a great sum of information in a brief sum of clip and infinite. Itsrestrictions include the fact that it is a secondary beginning and that there is no list of beginnings. The fact that it is a secondary beginning bounds this. since it creates a deficiency of item in the history of the beginning. and can besides go forth out necessary information and give false perceptual experiences. Since this beginning does non include a list of beginnings. the information may non be dependable. there can be mistakes within the text. and the fact that the beginning is brief could demo that some information is left out.

1. Fan Stylian Noli. George Castrioti Scanderbeg ( 1405 – 1468 ) . New York: International Universities Press. 1947. 67
2. Ibid. 35.
3. Noel Malcom. Kosovo: A Short History. London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd. 1998. 189
4. Harry Hodgkinson. Scanderbeg: From Ottoman Captive to Albanian Hero ( U. S. A: I. B Tauris. 2005 ) . 90.
5. Islami and Frasheri. Historia e Shqiperise . Translated by Nick Hoxha. Tirane : Office of scholarly publications of the Socialist Republic of Serbia. 1968. p268
6. Harry Hodgkinson. Scanderbeg: From Ottoman Captive to Albanian Hero ( U. S. A: I. B Tauris. 2005 ) . 73.
7. Fitzhenry. James. George Kastrioti Skanderbeg “Iskander” hypertext transfer protocol: //www. roman-catholic-saints. com/skanderbeg. hypertext markup language. Accessed: December 20th. 2011
8. Harry Hodgkinson. Scanderbeg: From Ottoman Captive to Albanian Hero ( U. S. A: I. B Tauris. 2005 ) . 72.
9. Ibid. 73.
10. Harry Hodgkinson. Scanderbeg: From Ottoman Captive to Albanian Hero ( U. S. A: I. B Tauris. 2005 ) . 109.
11. History of War. Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg ( 1405-1468 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www. historyofwar. org/articles/people_skanderbeg. hypertext markup language. Accessed:December 19th. 2011
12. Harry Hodgkinson. Scanderbeg: From Ottoman Captive to Albanian Hero ( U. S. A: I. B Tauris. 2005 ) . 118.
13. History of War. Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg ( 1405-1468 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www. historyofwar. org/articles/people_skanderbeg. hypertext markup language. Accessed: December 19th. 2011
14. Noel Malcom. Kosovo: A Short History. London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd. 1998. 203
15. Fan Stylian Noli. George Castrioti Scanderbeg ( 1405 – 1468 ) . New York: International Universities Press. 1947. 61.
16. Ibid.
17. Harry Hodgkinson. Scanderbeg: From Ottoman Captive to Albanian Hero ( U. S. A: I. B Tauris. 2005 ) . 75.
18. Ibid. 82.
19. Fan Stylian. Noli. George Castrioti Scanderbeg ( 1405 – 1468 ) . New York: International Universities Press. 1947. 59.
20. Fan Stylian. Noli. George Castrioti Scanderbeg ( 1405 – 1468 ) . New York: International Universities Press. 1947. 60.
21. Malcom. Noel. . Kosovo: A Short History. London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd. 1998. 216
22. Noel. Malcom. Kosovo: A Short History. London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd. 1998. 204
23. Ibid.
24. Fan Stylian. Noli George Castrioti Scanderbeg ( 1405 – 1468 ) . New York: International Universities Press. 1947. 53
25.  Albanian Figures Skanderbeg – Skenderbeu hypertext transfer protocol: //rubin. fiscal. officelive. com/AlbanianFigures. aspx. Accessed: December 21st. 2011