1. 1 Person centred values are guides on how individuals are treated. These values are: * Dignity- supporting individuals to maintain emotional control and supporting individuals with sensitive situations. * Respect- recognising an individual’s sense of worth and importance to others. * Privacy- making sure individuals rights is maintained. * Individuality- recognising an individual as an individual. 1. 2 It is important to work in a way that embeds person centred values this is because you then include the individual in activities and allowing them to make choices.
People with disabilities should be seen as equal partners and not people that are helpless. 1. 3 Risk taking can be part of a person centred approach; this is because you are to enable the individual to achieve their potential through allowing the individual to make choices and developing their independence. If you want to achieve this then a risk must be taken. 1. 4 Care plans for clients reflect a service approach. Which will include what the individual needs rather than what the individual really requires. But you can use a person- centred approach by involving the individual at every step of the care.
For example if the individual wants any sugar in there tea. A care plan will always include: * Timescales for implementing and reviewing the care plan. * An individuals assessed care needs. * What the individual needs to keep them healthy. A person-centred care plan will also contain: * The way the individual wants to live there life. * The individual’s strengths and weaknesses. * Information on people who are important to the individual. Such as their daughter and her phone number.
3. 1 It is important to establish consent when roviding care or support this is because the individual may not want to consent to what you want to do. For example you may go in and just start to undress the client to get into their bed clothes. But the client may not want to get undressed. You as a care assistant should ask the client if they want to get into their bed clothes. A person has to have capacity to give consent. This means they are able to: * Retain information long enough to make a decision. * Analyse the information. * Understand the information the individual is being given that is relevant to the decision.
There are different types of consent within the health and social care work, they are: * Informed consent- the individual is fully aware of the implications of the decision. * Implied consent- the actions of the individual give the impression that they are consenting. * Continued consent- informed consent continues during a period of treatment, care or support. * Consent by proxy- if the individual is unable to provide informed consent there may be times when decisions are made in their best interests by an appropriate person.
If the individual does not consent and you still have physical contact with the individual this can be viewed as an assault. 3. 3 If consent cannot be established you have to make sure you have taken into account that the individual most properly not able to concentrate because they may be in pain or discomfort, hungry or thirsty or anxious. These are factors that would make the individual confused and not able to consent to what you want them to do. If you think they are any of the above you are meant to make your own decision.
However some individuals are unable to consent because they have a learning disability, head injury, illness or disease. This means that others are allowed to make their decisions for them. But they have to take into account the mental capacity act 2005. They have to act in the individuals interests, make sure the action is the least restrictive alternative available in the circumstances and they have to believe the individual lacks the capacity to make a decision in the circumstances at the time. 4. 1 Active participation benefits an individual because it gets the individual involved in what care needs to be done.
For example a carer getting the client to undress themselves rather than the carer doing it for them. This gets the individual involved in the task and it also maximise their independence. The individual will become more confident in themselves as they know they can now do the task. This will make them determined to do other tasks. You encourage the individual by finding out what their personal history is, likes and dislikes. This will play an important part in active participation. By taking the person-centred approach to care means you are looking for ways to meet the individual’s needs and wishes.
This is very different to a service approach because you cannot get an individual to fit in if they don’t fit in. By making the individual fit in will make the individual unhappy and the individual may want to fight back because they are not happy. 4. 2 Barriers to active participation are: * The carer can lack understanding of the individual’s personal history, health and cognitive status and social abilities. * The carer may view the person as a passive recipient of care who is always dependent on others. * The carer may be not committed to making the active participation approach work. The carer may lack patience and tenacity when pursuing active participation goals. * The carer may have low expectations of the person’s ability to develop, change and achieve. 5. 3 A workers personal views should not influence an individual’s choices because the individual may not want what you are choosing for them. When supporting an individual to make choices you should: * Give the individual time to think of their options. For example choosing what they want to eat. * Provide the individual with all the relevant information.
* Check if the person understands each choice available to them. Understand the individual’s abilities and needs. However the individual’s choices may cause a risk to themselves. For example the client may be diabetic and they want chocolate cake for pudding. By giving the pudding to the client will make the client unwell. But if you don’t give the client the pudding they may become angry, unhappy, less confident and left out.
5. 4 To support an individual to question or challenge decisions concerning them that others have made you need to: * Identify others who can support the individuals view. * Involve an independent advocate if it is the best option for the individual. Work with the individual to help them decide what they want to do, how they want to raise their concerns and who they wish to involve. * Identify how the individual’s views were not considered or listened to. * Arrange an informal meeting to raise the concerns. 6. 1 An individual’s identity and self-esteem are linked with wellbeing. This is because an individual’s identity is a combination of their self-image and their self-esteem. Self-image is a mental picture an individual has of themselves and develops gradually as the person becomes aware of their own physical, intellectual, emotional and social abilities, qualities and attributes.
This means that when a person talks about their self-image they will compare themselves to others. Self-esteem can also result from where we compare ourselves to other people. People that compare themselves to others negatively have low self-esteem. Whereas people that are confident and know they have strengths and weaknesses have a higher self-esteem. 6. 2 Attitudes and approaches that are likely to promote an individual’s wellbeing are: * Let the individual interact with others. This will build the individuals self-esteem up. * Create a sense of achievement. This will build self-worth. * Let the individual develop their creativity.
This will build their confidence up. * Encourage the individual to use and develop their knowledge and skills. * Make sure you maintain the individual’s interests and give them a sense of purpose. Wellbeing can improve if you include the individual in tasks and by also encouraging them to talk about their personal history. For example the individual you are looking after like to bake cakes. But the individual isn’t able to stand so she is in a wheelchair all day. You as a carer could help the individual bake cakes. You could sit the individual by the table and get all the ingredients for the cakes and put it on the table with the bowl.
