A inclination towards following the manner of accounting establishments and patterns of western developed states that colonized the development states has been dominated in the latter states ( Ali, Lee & A ; West, 2008 ) . Apparently, the Malayan accounting development is strongly influenced by the accounting model that the United Kingdom ( UK ) applied. The British colonial presence can be considered as a cardinal phrase that brought about the notable influences and alterations on the Malaysia ‘s history.
Such influences and alterations can be traced back to the 1785, the clip that the blessing of busying island of Penang and edifice garrison in there is granted to the Francis Light, a former British naval officer and private bargainer, from the grand Turk of Kedah. In 1786, Light established the colony of George Town on the island of Penang. The part of turning Penang Island into a province with free-trade policy that Light made helps the Malacca to be the prime bargainer centre in the Malay Peninsula.Presence of British colonial is continuously expanded by the functionary of British East India Company, Thomas Stanford Raffles, and Tengku Hussein, a rival for the throne of Malacca, on the Malay Peninsula in 1819.
An understanding of accepting the British settees and establishes merchandising port in Singapore is reached between Stanford Raffles and Hussein in exchange for the formal acknowledgment of Hussein as the grand Turk of Malacca. The advantageous geographic location and free-trade policy that Singapore possesses assist in achieving the amazed fiscal success.In 1945, British resumed its control for the intent of set uping themselves as a lasting administrative power. Because of the cultural tensenesss frequently influence political agreements, hence, British proposed and implemented the Malayan Union program in 1946.
However, the job of cultural tensenesss still exists even though the British has taken action to advance the national integrity among different cultural groups. An Alliance partnership is established and which comprises United Malays National Organization ( UMNO ) , Malaysian Chinese Association ( MCA ) and Malayan Indian Congress ( MIC ) from 1952 to 1955.In fact, the Alliance won the municipal, local and the federal elections and therefore emerged as an agent for incorporate Malayan involvements. Malaya gained independency from British in 1957 ( Library of Congress, 2006 ) .
The independency of Malayan State since 1957 has transformed the Malayan economic system into a new epoch of development. History of accounting system in Malaysia marks its gap of the usage of accounting criterions and patterns after the disengagement of Britain with subsequent accounting development significantly influenced by the after-effect of British colonisation.The Malayan Association of Certified Public Accountants ( MACPA ) has became the first accounting organic structures to be established in the Malayan State in 1958 with the purpose of progressing accounting professions in all facets and to educate the appropriate accounting patterns and criterions to concerns in Malaysia. Subsequent attempts have besides been made in line with the British colonial consequence as the authorities has passed the Companies Act 1965 and Accounting Act 1967 that are both based on the Torahs and ordinances developed in the UK during the 1960 ‘s.
Apart from this, via media of the non-Malay rights could non be hindered by damaging statute law or governmental intercession is reached because of the British colonisation. As a member of the Commonwealth, it is about inevitable that Malaysia is extremely influenced by any alterations in the legal, economic system, civilization and political relations environment of UK. This is particularly true as the Malayan Accounting Standards Board ( MASB ) invariably reviews and updates the Malayan accounting criterions if the accounting criterions in UK have made any amendments.The cultural-based theory of the Hofstede-Gray model is applied for the purpose of explicating the differences or lacks in accounting patterns.
In fact, the Hofstede-Gray theory is widely used by a figure research worker as the accounting values and the cultural dimension is associated with the theory. Based on the studies that the research workers conducted, it is noted that the Gray ‘s attack is likely the most well-known advocate of the cultural attack to understand the nature of accounting patterns, while the Hofstede ‘s attack is merely one of a figure of ways to analyze civilization.The usage of the Hofstede-Gray theory helps the research workers to understand the manner the national accounting patterns are formed ( Parera, 1989 ) ( Gerhardy, 1990 ) and to find normatively whether the accounting techniques are appropriate to the peculiar states ( Baydoun & A ; Willet, 1995 ) . Harmonizing to Figure 1, it can be seen that the Hofstede-Gray theory is a combination of, Gray ‘s accounting values which include professionalism, uniformity, conservativism and secretiveness with the Hofstede ‘s cultural values which comprise power distance, uncertainness turning away, individuality and maleness.
Basically, there are two different positions to find the civilization and categorization, to be precise, one from the Gray position and another from Hofstede. From the position of Gray, Malaysia is a state with high statutory control and uniformity in footings of authorization and enforcement. While from the position of measuring and revelation, Malaysia is a province with high secretiveness and conservativism and which can be evidenced from Figure 2 and Figure 3 severally. However, Malaysia scored high on the power distance and maleness, yet scored low on the uncertainness turning away and individuality on the Hofstede ‘s point of view.
Harmonizing to the study conducted by Itim ( 2012 ) , Malaysia scored 104 on the dimension of power distance. It can be explained that hierarchal order is acceptable for the Malaysian and therefore built-in inequalities every bit good as centralisation are possible to be reflected, but leading and spreads of authorization are disputing if there is hierarchy in the organisation. Furthermore, with a mark of 50, Malaysia can be considered as a masculine society, a extremely success-oriented and goaded.By and large, equity, competition and public presentation are the chief concern in the masculine society.
For case, attitude of fierce and no holds barred conflicts might go on between campaigners during the election. Furthermore, Malaysia is a low penchant for uncertainness turning away as it scored merely 36. In such dimension, there is no any equivocal or unknown state of affairss exist due to the civilization of relaxed attitude permeates. Besides, a grade of 26 is scored and it means that Malaysia is a collectivized society.
Therefore, a low grade of mutuality manifests that there is a close long-run committedness among members and the civilization of trueness is the topmost concern and overrides most of the social regulations and ordinances. Regulatory model of accounting is established for the intent of supplying high quality and dependable information to fulfill the demands of external users. In fact, it plays a major function to guarantee that the fiscal statements are prepared by the organisations in conformity with the regulations and ordinances ( Collis ; A ; Hussey, 2007 ) .In Malaysia, bing companies are required to follow with the regulations and ordinances such as Companies Act 1965, Financial Reporting Act 1997, Accounting Standards, Income Tax Act 1967, the Securities Commission Guidelines 1995, Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange ( KLSE ) Listing Requirement and Bank Negara Malaysia Guidelines, etc during the procedure of fixing and showing fiscal statements.
Therefore, it is obvious that regulative model is developed in the field of accounting profession, company jurisprudence, scrutinizing, revenue enhancement every bit good as stock exchange and execution is taken in order to supply a true and just position.It is known that there are four professional accounting organic structures in Malaysia, viz. , Malaysian Institute of Accountants ( MIA ) , The Malaysian Institute of Certified Public Accountants ( MICPA ) , Malayan Accounting Standards Board ( MASB ) and Financial Reporting Foundation ( FRF ) . Basically, MIA is a statutory accounting profession which is established harmonizing to the Accountants Act 1967.
The constitution of such accounting organic structure is to modulate and develop the accounting profession in Malaysia.Hence, MIA is responsible to run into and keep the instruction, quality confidence every bit good as enforcement for the purpose of guaranting that credibleness of the profession is maintained and the public involvement is continuously upheld. In add-on, MIA besides has the ability of supervising the international and local accounting tendencies and developments every bit good as confer withing on a regular basis with the authorities and regulative organic structures. Harmonizing to the MIA Official Website, it is noted that MIA non merely plays a important function in the Malaysia, but besides international and regional sphere.
Evidence of the engagement in ASEAN Federation of Accountants ( AFA ) and International Federation of Accountants ( IFAC ) to develop and progress the planetary accounting professional organic structures can be proved. Furthermore, such engagement besides enables MIA to work for the improvement by conveying place to the latest developments in the abroad. Indeed, there is a demand provided under the commissariats of the Act and stated that the individual who is registered as a member of MIA merely can be recognized as an comptroller.Because of being as a member of International Auditing Practices Committee ( IAPC ) , hence, MIA is responsible to back up the IFRC ‘s work and besides determine International Accounting Standards ( IAS ) as the footing of sanctioned criterions in the auditing field of Malaysia ( MIA Official Website ) .
On the other manus, MICPA is the accounting profession who is established in 1958 harmonizing to the Companies Ordinances and is officially called as “ The Malayan Association of Certified Public Accountants ” ; while MASB is established as an independent authorization harmonizing to the Financial Reporting Act 1997.The MASB and the FRF make up the new model of fiscal coverage in Malaysia. Basically, FRF has no direct influence on standard puting as such responsibility is entirely rest on MASB. Therefore, FRF is responsible for the inadvertence of, such as MASB ‘s public presentation and initial beginning of position for proposed criterions.
Furthermore, there is besides a professional organic structure for company secretary and disposal, that is, Malayan Association of the Institute of Chartered Secretaries ; A ; Administrators ( MAICSA ) .Besides, the Malaysian Association of Accounting Administrators is the profession who is formed to acknowledge the two-tiered of professional comptroller and is sponsored by MIA. Companies Act 1965 ( CA 1965 ) is published by the Commissioner of Law Revision yet the Company Commission of Malaysia enforces and administers it. Basically, it is the principle statute law developed to regulate the formation and process of companies bing in Malaysia.
The CA 1965 non merely provides formal regulations on accounting such as showing fiscal statements in a true and just position, but besides enacts a proviso to protect the rights and involvements of stockholders and investors. For illustration, harmonizing to the subdivision 167 of CA 1965, all of the Malayan existing companies are required to maintain and keep proper accounting records so as to hold the ability to explicate companies ‘ minutess and fiscal place sufficiently and later enables the true and just position from all of the accounting information.Apart from this, the demand of fixing histories and studies based on the Approved Accounting Standards ( AAP ) that MASB issued every bit good as following with the revelation demands of the Ninth Schedule of CA 1965 are developed for every company for the intent of presenting the companies ‘ personal businesss with a true and just position.Harmonizing to the CA Malaysia, there is a demand for the assignment of sanctioned hearers to scrutinize the companies ‘ histories and present true and just position every bit good as emphasis on the hearers ‘ independency for companies that are runing in Malaysia and registered under the Companies Commissioner of Malaysia.
A standard scene organic structure with the ability of functionally independent is established by MIA and which is runing under the aid of the latter accounting profession and is called the Auditing and Assurance Standards Board ( AASB ) .AASB plays an of import function in the development of accounting and scrutinizing field in Malaysia. It can be evidenced from the demand of advancing and guaranting high quality professional criterions to be adhered and later lead to the international convergence of criterions. In add-on, AASB besides has the duty of the consideration for the new or revised International Auditing and Assurance Standards that International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board ( IAASB ) issued for Malaysia to follow.
Furthermore, AASB is required to reexamine and consider any issues and developments that are derived from other legal powers that is associating to scrutinizing patterns in Malaysia. Furthermore, the Audit Act 1957 besides states that there is a close nexus between accounting and auditing, for case, hearers are responsible to scrutinize histories that are prepared by professional organic structures. It is by and large known that types of revenue enhancement in Malaysia include personal and corporate income revenue enhancement, goods and service revenue enhancement ( GST ) existent belongings additions revenue enhancement ( RPGT ) , etc.In fact, Malaysia is a self-assessment revenue enhancement government ( SAS ) as it is shown in the Year of Assessment 2010 ( YA 2010 ) that different categories of people is capable to different per centum of revenue enhancement rate.
Basically, the constitution of Income Tax Act 1967 ( ITA 1967 ) is to find the indictable income and the revenue enhancement collectible and ascertain whether it is sensible to the revenue enhancement remunerators. The imputation system is used by companies to calculate the revenue enhancement.In fact, revenue enhancements paid by the companies on its net incomes are used to postmark dividends paid to stockholders. In Malaysia, the RPGT is re-introduced and which is stated in the Real Property Gains Tax ( Exemption ) ( No.
2 ) Order 2007, merely for the disposal of existent belongings held for five old ages or below is subjected to the RPGT of 5 % and it is merely applicable to the capital land dealing In footings of the GST, it is the indirect revenue enhancement or value added revenue enhancement ( VAT ) that imposed on both local and imported goods and services.It is proposed by authorities for the intent of replacing gross revenues and service revenue enhancement, but execution has non been taken. It is noted that revenue enhancement is considered as parts of the concern outgo. Therefore, it is of import for the companies to follow with the ITA 1967 during the procedure of fixing and showing the fiscal statements every bit good as the statement of calculation of indictable income.
Companies are required to fix both statements due to the dual tax write-off, non-taxable, non-deductible and deductible issues.KLSE is the stock exchange keeping company in Malaysia and is developed in conformity with the subdivision 15 of the Capital Markets and Service Act 2007. In 2004, it is renamed and is presently called as Bursa Malaysia Berhad. The constitution of Bursa Malaysia Berhad is to let the activity of trading of portions can be provided in the market and later aids in heightening competitory place every bit good as reacting to planetary tendencies.
There is no authorization and legal power for the Bursa Malaysia Berhad to put to death conformity.Hence, punishment of reprimanding, suspending and de-listing in the stock exchange would be imposed to the errant companies. For illustration, naming companies have to follow the regulations and ordinances of the clause 335 of the naming manual during the procedure of fixing and showing companies ‘ one-year audited histories and doing certain that all of the companies ‘ histories are prepared based on the CA 1965 every bit good as the AAS. The listing demands are set by the Bursa Malaysia Berhad in order to modulate the populace limited companies ( PLC ) in footings of the entry of studies and extra revelation.
Apart from this, there is besides another demands which established by the Bursa Malaysia Berhad for the intent of heightening the revelation of information on corporate administration via the publicity of greater transparence and answerability. In 19th November 2011, MASB established the Malayan Financial Reporting Standards ( MFRS ) for the intent of conveying the Malayan accounting criterions to be to the full International Financial Reporting Standards ( IFRS ) – compliant.Basically, MFRS model make up of the bing every bit good as the new and revised accounting criterions that are issued by International Accounting Standard Board ( IASB ) . The primary aim of such convergence is to cut down the spread between Financial Reporting Standards ( FRS ) between the IFRS and later ease the transparence and the comparison of the companies ‘ fiscal statements.
However, there is several inconsistency exist such as IAS 41 Agriculture and IFRS 9 Financial Instruments and therefore are non adopted by the MASN during the procedure of contracting the spread between FRS and IFRS.In footings of the presentation of fiscal statements, MFRS 101 or FRS 101 stated that PLC that operating in Malaysia is required to fix and unwrap the fiscal statements including, statement of fiscal place, statement of comprehensive income, statement of alterations in equity, statement of hard currency flows and the notes to account. In fact, the MFRS 101 or FRS 101 is the same with the IAS 1, which is the presentation of fiscal statements.Basically, MFRS 127 or FRS 127 is established for the intent of heightening the relevancy, dependability and comparison of the information in the parent ‘s separate fiscal statements every bit good as the group ‘s amalgamate fiscal statements.
In Malaysia, a demand of utilizing unvarying accounting policies for coverage is set for the group to follow. Furthermore, there is a demand for entity to follow the IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement if it is required to show separate fiscal statements or investings in subordinates by the local ordinances.The MFRS 127 or FRS 127 is consistent with the IAS 27, Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements. In 1974, Malaysia ‘s top 80 houses in the KLSE have half of it portions owned by aliens while the other half is largely controlled the Malayan Chinese.
However, authorities has bit by bit transformed these houses into stated owned endeavors which have about 40 % of the Malaysia ‘s market portions owned by the authorities. Major alterations came in during the 1990s where most of these province owned companies have went into denationalization.Till now, companies have been developed into several signifiers chiefly the exclusive owner that concern is entirely owned by an person, partnership where two or more individuals jointly owned the concern with limitless liability, private limited company that must at least have 2 and upper limit of 50 members, public limited company that is able to be listed in KLSE to offer subscription of portions to public. Foreign currency interlingual rendition has been one of the uprising factors that companies in Malaysia are needed to take note of because of the addition and largeness of globalisation in the concern context.
Foreign currency interlingual rendition can be defined as the transition of currency accounting figures from one state to another due to differences fiscal coverage demands. This means that different states would hold different functional currency and transnational companies are required to interpret its foreign operations or minutess that use functional currency into the needed presentation currency for its fiscal statement.Malaysia needs to pay excess attending to the accounting development in relation to the facet because Malaysia is one of the largest thenar oil and petroleum oil manufacturer which both are chiefly transacted in USD around the universe. Most of these companies would utilize USD as their functional currency which induces interlingual rendition hazard when it is converted into the presentation currency.
Therefore, the accounting criterion of foreign currency interlingual rendition which is MFRS 121 will take into history the consequence of the currency interlingual rendition alterations or hazard that the companies faced with the usage of appropriate acknowledgment and measuring method developed by IFRS. It is a known fact that the accounting development in Malaysia over the last 15 old ages has been based on the accounting rules that MASB adopted while recent accounting patterns has seen accounting profession exerting its duties that are comply with MFRS.MFRS is however the latest accounting rules that Malaysia accounting is accounted for which equivalents with IFRS and use in any accounting period from or after 1 January 2012. This marks the first clip acceptance of MFRS for one-year periods in Malaysia and is an attempt by MASB to implement Malaysia ‘s accounting policy to be in line with the convergence undertaking initiated and developed by IASB and FASB.
The old FRS is so replaced by MFRS to put full convergence on Malaysia accounting criterion in order to get by with globalization and to guarantee Malaysia ‘s concern is on the same field at international degree. Some major elements of MFRS have been listed below. MFRS 8 is adopted from IFRS 8 that has replaced IAS 14 of Segment Reporting. The chief alteration made is on its demand of section designation and the measuring and revelation of operating section information.
Any company in Malaysia that adopted MFRS 8 will automatically be considered as following the international accounting criterion of IFRS 8.This peculiar criterion has supply the definition of an operating section that qualifies in the fiscal statement and its designation is required to be based on the company internal study that assessed and reviewed the allotment of resources and public presentation of that section as harmonizing to the latest alterations. Besides, the criterion besides provides the measuring intent of the sum of operating section recorded which is for resources allotment and public presentation measuring intents of the operating section.Last, the revelation of operating section information must be based on the nucleus rules that requires information disclosed to enable users to do informed determination on the nature and fiscal consequence and its economic environment that the company is runing in order to help Malayan companies with operating sections runing in different locations or direction.
MFRS 118 Revenue is one of the major elements that MASB has included by the acceptance of IAS 18 that the IASB has issued and amended but is still under the development of the convergence undertaking.Companies in Malaysia are considered following the international accounting criterion of IAS 18 if MRS 118 is applied in its fiscal statement. The MFRS 118 chiefly adopted from IAS 18 has included of import counsel on accounting patterns for gross by saying the aims, range and definition of gross. These are described in relation to the definition of income in the Framework of Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements that stated gross as an income that is in the ordinary class of concern activities.
The measuring and designation of gross is besides included while different type of gross from gross revenues of goods, rendering a service, royalties, involvements and dividends are besides provided with counsel and revelation demands where Malayan companies largely possessed of. The MFRS 120 Accounting for Government Grant and Disclosure of Government Assistance is developed to assistance concern in Malaysia that needs to account for its grant or aid provided by Government.It is tantamount to IAS 20 with the issue and amendments made by IASB and Malayan companies that adopt MFRS 120 will at the same time follow with IAS 20. Basically, this standard provides counsel on the definition of authorities grant and authorities aid and its revelation on the presentation of grants that is associating to plus or income every bit good as its refund method.
The attacks and grounds for accounting of authorities grant utilizing income attack or capital attack are besides given in order for users to clearly place the authorities purpose on supplying grant or aid to any Malayan companies.However, this criterion does non use to authorities grants covered by MFRS 141 Agriculture and other exclusions such as the engagement of authorities in the ownership of concern. The MFRS 141 Agriculture use on its ain as evidenced in MFRS 120 that excludes this sector because agribusiness is consider an indispensable sector for the Malaysia economic system and accounting must put its accent on it. MFRS 141 is adopted from IAS 41 and will be at the same time applied to any Malaysia companies that adopt MFRS 141.
This standard chiefly prescribe how should the agribusiness activities and biological assets should be accounted for, measured, presented, and disclosed by the direction of the company. The measuring for biological assets is complicated and required specific counsel provided by the criterions such as the initial acknowledgment that requires the usage of faithfully measured just value and any alterations in just value less costs to sell is included in net income and loss. Nevertheless, agricultural activities land is non covered under this criterion but in IAS 16 while authorities grant for biological activities is included.MFRS 121 is adopted from IAS 21 has that has made alterations to replace SIC-11, SIC-19 and SIC-30 that chiefly focuses on the definition and alterations of describing currency, functional currency and presentation currency.
The acceptance of MFRS 121 by any Malayan companies would besides intend it is following IAS 21 in conformity to international criterions. This is an of import criterion particularly for companies that operates internationally or have traffics in different currency.Chiefly, the standard applies its accounting intervention on any dealing and balances of foreign currencies but non derivative dealing and the interlingual rendition of foreign operation into describing currency or consolidation intents. The method of coverage and unwraping the alterations of foreign exchange dealing, balances or operations is besides included.
The MFRS 123 is an tantamount criterion to IAS 23 issued by the IASB while any Malayan company that applies MFRS 123 is besides considered as following the IAS 23.This criterion has its range limited chiefly to borrowing costs that is associating to capital outgo such as the acquisition, building and production of an plus to spread out concern that is considered portion of the cost to obtain the relevant assets. The criterion has prescribed the definition of a qualifying assets and the eligibility of borrowing costs as capitalization. The acknowledgment and measuring for borrowing costs is besides provided every bit good as the revelation demand relates to the adoption costs sum and its capitalization rate.
This relevant criterion that relates to investing belongings is of importance to the Malaysia accounting patterns due to the booming of belongings house monetary values that induces significant addition in belongings for investing. MFRS 140 is developed in conformity to IAS 40 and many alterations have been made to IAS 40 such as rental related belongings, the measurement attack of investing belongings and its revelation demand. Nevertheless, MFRS 140 provides counsel on the intervention for accounting of investing belongings in Malaysia and its revelation method excepting accounting for lease belongings.Definition to include belongings as investing nature has been provided while measurement method of just value theoretical account or cost theoretical account for investing belongings is prescribed clearly with differentiation between initial acknowledgment and station acknowledgment.
The MFRS 112 is developed by the MASB based on IAS 12 with several alterations made on the acknowledgment and revelation of income revenue enhancements particularly deferred revenue enhancement assets and liabilities. Any Malayan company that adopts MFRS 112 is tantamount to following IAS 12.The income revenue enhancement in Malaysia is of import particularly in its intervention for revenue enhancement effects as revenue enhancement equivocation is well high while revenue enhancement jurisprudence is non strictly enforced. The standard provides counsel for accounting intervention of income revenue enhancements in Malaysia by ordering the definition, acknowledgment and measuring for current revenue enhancement disbursals, assets and liabilities with accent on future colony of deferred revenue enhancement assets and liabilities.
Examples of income revenue enhancements accounting intervention has been provided in item to help users in understanding the complexness of income revenue enhancements while presentation and revelation demands are besides included. MFRS 124 chiefly relates to the revelation demand of party that is related to the ordinary class of concern which is adopted from IAS 24 that is issued and revised by IASB.Revisions has been made in 2009 to simplify the definitions and significances of related party and allowed certain exclusions of related parties for revelation particularly when it is government-related. Basically, the criterion requires the revelation of dealing between the company and any related parties or any dealing between parents and subordinates.
Most significantly, this would enable user to pay attending on the fiscal consequence of related party dealing on the company ‘s fiscal place and profitableness.The accounting development in Malaysia has ne’er been missing of frauds and peculations due to related party and this criterion would supply enhanced transparence to forestall related party unauthorized minutess. The MFRS 119 is an acceptance of IAS 19 that is issued by IASB and Companies in Malaysia that uses MFRS 119 would automatically be considered to follow the international criterion of IAS 19. The intent of MFRS 119 is to supply counsel for entity to be able to recognize suitably the liability and disbursals in relation to employee benefits provided by the entity.
The accounting intervention provided by this standard encompasses acknowledgment and measuring of short term and long term employee benefits, expiration benefits and post employment benefits that includes defined part program and defined benefits program. Example exemplifying accounting intervention has been provided clearly and the difference of acknowledgment and measuring for the station employment benefits is besides clearly stated. Undeniably, it is of import to the Malaysia economic system as the civilization of Malaysia is considers to be stressing on the employee benefits that the company is able to supply late.It is undeniably that the Asiatic Financial Crisis in 1997 non merely introduces the importance of CG but besides exposes the failings of Malayan CG pattern to the public attending.
Since so, Malaysia has taken inaugural to implement strategies such as High Level Finance Committee on CG ( HLFC ) which have published the Report on Corporate Governance that provides definition of CG in the Malaysia context and laid the footing for the constitution of Code of Corporate Governance in 2000.Although the codification itself is non compulsory, it farther became a effect of the listing demand in Malaysia to include statement of corporate administration to pull more foreign investing due to globalization and heighten the Malaysia economic growing.
