Informative SpeechTypes of CheeseMost people love cheese, whether in chunks or strips, or melted on bread for a grilled sandwich. It is a part of the cuisine of nearly every culture, and variations on the theme are legion.
Cheese is usually categorized into four types: soft, semi-soft, semi-hard and hard. The designation refers to the amount of moisture in the cheese, which directly affects its texture. Making cheese is an ancient practice, dating back thousands of years, and the home makers can usually find recipes that fall into any of the four categories. Soft types includes cottage cheese, cream cheese, ricotta, brie, bleu, Roquefort, mozzarella, muenster and similar varieties.
These cheeses generally pair well with fruit or meats, or can be used in breakfast foods in an omelet or as pasta fillings. They are usually mildly flavored and very high in moisture. American, Colby, co-jack and similar cheeses are in the semi-soft category. These are slightly stronger in flavor and cover a wide range of uses.
Co-jack, a blend of Colby and Monterey jack, is one of the most popular. This allows the sharper flavor of Colby to be combined with the milder jack, and also melts better than plain Colby. Grilled cheese sandwiches often use American, and Mexican cheeses such as Asadero and Quesa Fresca are Semi-hard cheese has an even bolder flavor than semi-soft, and is often paired with fruit, used on cheese trays and eaten with crackers.Cheeses in this category include cheddar, provolone, Gouda, Jarlsberg and others.
Those in this category may come in a smoked varieties. Smoked cheddar and gouda are very common. Milder cheddar, Gouda and Jarlsberg all melt well, and may be used in casseroles or as stuffing for chicken breasts or pork chops. Hard cheeses include Parmesan, Romano, asiago, Swiss, Gruyere and others.
Parmesan and Romano are most familiar as the grated powder used to top spaghetti, but they are also used as accompaniments for fruit, wine, nuts and other appetizer items. Swiss is popular on sandwiches and melts well, unlike some other hard varieties. Cheese is one of the most versatile foods in a cook’s arsenal. It can add flavor and texture to a dish — and may even cover a few mistakesDemonstrative SpeechHow to Tie a TieHello.
My name is Brendon Johnson, and I will show you how to tie a tie. At first sight it may seem more complicated and time-consuming than nuclear physics, but as soon as you understand the basics it becomes merely a matter of practice. Believe me, it is much easier than learning to ride a bike or tying a shoelace.I will demonstrate how to tie a Windsor knot.
It is “a thick, wide and triangular tie knot that projects confidence”, “your knot of choice for presentations, job interviews, courtroom appearances”, “best suited for spread collar shirts” (4). In fact, making it is not tricky at all. Everybody can make a Windsor knot on his tie; however, it is highly recommended for men with a long neck, for the wide knot will visually diminish the height of the neck and thus balance the appearance.What do we need for tying a Windsor knot? Let us start from the essentials.
To succeed in our goal you need three things: a tie, a mirror and motivation. It is highly desirable that you wear a suit or at least a shirt, for a tie was initially designed to conceal the buttons on a shirt, so that you will vividly see why a tie is necessary, and how long it should be. So, ensure that you have all the essentials, stand in front of a mirror, place the tie on you neck and follow the instructions.The process itself falls into four simple steps (please refer to the diagram on the blackboard).
1. Ensure that the wide end is approximately 30 cm lower than the narrow end and cross the wide end over the narrow one. This will create a loop between the collar and your will-be tie. Pass the wide end through this loop and then down.
So the wide end will again be on top of the narrow one.2. Put the wide end under the narrow one; pull it to the left and across the top of the narrow end. By this time the wide end should encircle the narrow one, forming the first outline of a knot.
The wide end should be located to the right of the knot.3. Put the wide end beneath the narrow one again, then between the collar and the knot, and afterwards push it through the loop.4.
Finally, push the wide end through the knot. Next, hold the knot with your left hand, while adjusting the ends of your tie and pushing the knot to the collar. Here is the result – a perfectly tied Windsor knot. As we can see by now, tying a tie is much easier than nuclear physics, and not time-consuming at all.
With a tie, a mirror and proper motivation it took us two minutes to accomplish the task according to the instructions. If you practice for a couple of times, you will be able to bring the time required to less than half a minute. From now on you know the secret, and you are welcome to use it for the benefit of your appearance.Entertaining SpeechTeaching Your Dog to Take Treats GentlySome dogs are naturally gentle with their mouths, but most need lessons to achieve this skill.
Dogs should be taught the cue “Gentle,” which simply means to take the treat nicely. Having a dog who takes treats gently can relieve much of the conflict-induced frustration that occurs when you want to reinforce your dog’s good behavior but also want your fingers to remain intact and connected to your body. Avoid confusion by teaching the cue “Gentle” as its own behavior rather than during a training session for some other behavior. Commit to the idea that your dog needs to take the treats gently or she doesn’t get them at all.
In other words, don’t allow the snapping behavior to work for her. Until now, she has been getting the treat no matter what she does, but we want her to only get it when she takes it gently. To teach your dog what “Gentle” means, hold a treat in your hand, close your fist around it and offer it to your dog. If your dog bites at your hand, keep it closed; this means either toughing it out or wearing gloves, depending on your dog’s behavior and your tolerance.
When she stops biting and licks your hand (or even nibbles gently and painlessly), say “Gentle” and open your hand completely to give her the treat. Keep saying “Gentle” each time you offer her a treat to help her associate the word with the behavior. If she has a relapse and returns to her former finger-gnawingways, pull your hand away and then offer the treat again, using the cue “Gentle” to remind her of what you want. This will keep you from dropping the treat in response to her snapping.
Until your dog knows how to take treats gently, there are a couple of ways to protect your fingers when giving treats outside of training sessions. At home, put cream cheese or peanut butter on a wooden spoon and offer your dog a chance to lick this food a few times. This is a way to reinforce your dog without putting your hands near her mouth. In a dog park or class setting, offer the treat on your flat palm.
Many dogs who will snap at treats held in the fingertips are able to take them properly when they are presented on an open hand. A final option is to drop the treats on the ground rather than giving them directly to the dog. It takes a lot of repetition for most dogs to learn to take treats gently, and the occasional effort to teach someone else’s dog by, for example, holding them in your closed hand is unlikely to be effective. Unless a dog’s guardian is teaching this at home, save your fingers by either flat-palming the treats or tossing them on the ground.
These techniques won’t teach your dog or her dog park friends to take the treats politely, but they do keep your fingers safe!Persuasive SpeechGlobal WarmingThere is little doubt that the planet is warming. Over the last century, the planets temperature has risen by around 1 degree fahrenheit (0.6 of a degree celsius). The warmest since the mid 1800’s was the 1990s.
The hottest years recorded were 1997, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003. The United Nations panel on climate change projects that the global temperatures will rise 3-10 degrees fahrenheit by the century’s end – enough to have the polar caps all but melted. If the ice caps melt, a vast majority of our countries borders will be under water. Monuments and great buildings, as well as homes and lives will be under water, including New York City.
So now we know what some of the causes are for global warming, how can we as individuals do our part to help save the planet? The answer is simpler than you may think. You don’t have to go miles away from home to protest, or spend masses of money. If you try to follow the few simple steps that I shall now give you, you will havestarted to help us all. Firstly, plant a tree.
This could be easier than it sounds. Join or help out a local wildlife group and ask to plant a tree. Trees, when fully grown, will help keep the planet cooler. On the same point, you could protest against the demolition of the rainforests.
This is the same principle, we need the trees to cool our planet and yet they are chopping them down to create roads or homes. Something as simple as walking instead of taking the car will help reduce pollution. As well as stopping pollution, you are giving yourself exercise, something important for our bodies. So the next time you get into your car, or your motorbike, think – do I have to make this journey by vehicle or can I walk? When you are at home, and your getting a little cold.
Put a jumper on and do not adjust the heating. The extra heat produced by our homes also affects the planet. So try wearing an extra layer in winter. If possible, buy your fruit and vegetables from local suppliers.
And try to avoid imported goods. The more foreign food that we import the more pollution from aeroplanes and boats it will create. Keeping to the speed limit can also help the environment. The more you speed the more petrol you are going to use, making the pollution higher.
Also, SUV’s make about six times their own weight in CO2 each year. A small efficient diesel car covering the same distance not only uses much less fuel; it makes two thirds less. If possible use solar energy, after all it is free; all you need to buy is the equipment. You can get much of your hot water and heating from the sun and even generate electricity.
Reduce, reuse and recycle. Only buy what you need; don’t stock the cupboards with things you may or may not use. Reuse whatever you can, like containers and paper, and recycle what you cannot reuse. It really is as simple as that.
Finally turning off unused sources of power such as televisions and heaters will help the environment, as well as save you money. If everybody stuck to these rules, we would be doing a great thing by protecting the earth. So please take into consideration what I have said, and try to do your part. After all, it will be our next generation that will feel the effects.
Welcome Speech for Freshers Joined in School or CollegeLadies and Gentlemen, Good Afternoon and welcome to the so and so school of management. It is both an honor and a privilege to stand before you, specially the new comers, today and welcome you to this amazing institution.I would like to raise a toast to all the new faces in here. New faces that we don’t know till now but would wish to know.
The same new faces that once belonged to us an year ago. The same new faces that, over ashort period of time, will no more be, ‘NEW’ faces. Well, I speak on behalf of all the second year students here. Just a few lines of how we all feel at this juncture.
Here I go. Newness or novelty has been intriguing and fascinating to man since the Neanderthal times. Novelty for us is excitement and exuberance, surprise and science, cheerfulness and joy, hope and happiness, boldness and buoyancy, positive ness and passion. But men as we all are, novelty to us also means risk, unfamiliarity, uncertainty, fear, doubt and disturbance.
In the same token, the old and the established stands for ‘the familiar and comfortable’, ‘knowledgeable and therefore able’, ‘mature and therefore trustworthy’,‘rugged and therefore reliable.’ But all this goes with accusations of ‘stagnation and staleness’,‘out-of-date and outmoded ness’ and ‘the slow and the stumped’. What I wish to express using all the ‘adjectives’ that I used is that these new faces in here, our juniors for the coming year, represent to us the same hope and challenge as new players in a cricket team or new twists in a good story. And we, as seniors,should ideally be the matured bunch, a bunch of guys and gals they could trust and depend upon.
Together, we can make a terrific team. So, I, on behalf of all the ‘old’ faces here, welcome the new faces with open hands, open minds and above all, OPEN HEARTS. Thank You.Speech of Courtesy of President Benigno S.
Aquino IIII am always happy to welcome visitors like you to the Philippines. For those of you who haven’t been here for a while, you will probably look around and ask yourself, “What has changed since the last time I was here?” You will notice that your neighborhoods might look different, that your childhood friends look just a touch bit older. [Laughter] But I hope you have noticed that our country has grown up as well—in many respects. For the past two years, the only sirens that blare on our roads have belonged to ambulances and fire trucks—not to the cars of public officials blatantly breaking traffic rules.
Wise spending has allowed us to help our countrymen more by improving and strengthening healthcare, education, and social services. Philippine economic growth, at 6.4 percent in the first quarter, hassurpassed the expectations of most if not all analysts. [Applause] More importantly, this growth has been felt broadly through the economy, and not just by a select few.
For example, if we will use the private polling agency, according to the SWS Social Weather Report for the Second Quarter of 2012, the Philippines’ unemployment rate went down to 26.6 percent in May, or the equivalent of 10.9 million adults unemployed—and this is significantly lower than the 34.4 percent unemployment rate in March, or 13.
8 million unemployed. Of course, it is a private entity, the government figures are much better. [Laughter] In addition to that, self-rated hunger for the whole country, from the same survey, went down to 18.4 percent in May, compared to 23.
8 percent in March. Our efforts to boost our economy—by spending on infrastructure and other key sectors—are matched by our spending on social services, to the tune of 567.9 billion pesos, or around 31 percent of our entire budget for this year. We are indeed making sure that no one is left behind; and we will be hard at work over the next few years to accomplish this goal.
I am very pleased to share that the good news doesn’t stop there. It has been a year since I last spoke to many of you about the unfulfilled potential of the Philippines as a tourist destination. For so long, the tourism sector has been badly neglected. We were only seeing around three million tourist arrivals a year, when our neighbors were receiving millions more.
How much more? Thailand has 14; Malaysia has 22 million in a year. Last year, I shared with you our commitment to boosting the growth of the tourism sector; and I believe I owe you a progress report on what we have done so far. For starters, our Pocket Open Skies Policy has already generated almost a 15-percent increase in incoming and outgoing flights to the Philippines from January to June of this year. This has led to a similar increase in inbound and outbound passenger traffic growth for both international and domestic travelers.
We have also put a lot of work towards improving our infrastructure in support of tourism, including airports and seaports. Our Department of Public Works and Highways has allocated 9.4 billion pesos in 2011 and 2012 to construct, rehabilitate, and improve roads leading to all of our tourist destinations. Their efforts are complemented by those of our Department of Transportation and Communications, which focused our attention on upgrading primary and secondary airports, as well as enhancing our air traffic control systems.
So, in a few years, we should all be able to take advantage of the New Bohol Airport in Panglao, the New Legaspi Airport in Daraga, and the Laguindingan Airport in Misamis Oriental, all of which should be up and running by the time I’m a private citizen and allowed to travel across the country. [Laughter] Not to mention the upgrading of the Mactan Cebu International Airport, the Puerto Princesa Airport, and quite a whole lot of others. You might also remember that, last year, I spoke to you about the Puerto Princesa Underground River. At the time, I was only asking for your support to bring one of our national treasures to the attention of the world—and your support has paid off.
Just last April, through the efforts of many Filipinos, the Puerto Princesa Underground River was inaugurated as one of the New 7 Wonders of Nature. [Applause] Many of you had something to do with this—and I want to thank you all for your support. Our achievements in this sector are real and tangible. Just to give you an idea: in the first five months of 2012 alone, we welcomed over 1.
8 million tourists. This number is more than half of the yearly average of three million arrivals in the years before we took office. This number is also 39.6 percent of the 4.
6 million tourist arrivals we hope to get this year—and historically, we get even more visitors in the second half of the year. If all goes as planned, it seems that we will achieve, and maybe even breach this target. The success we have experienced so far is no miracle; it is a success borne out of the hard work and dedication, the convergence of public and private sector efforts, and the implementation of measures that make the most of what we have to offer. We didn’t reinvent the wheel here; we just relied on a simple strategy: to make it easier and more fun for tourists to come to the Philippines.
We want prospective visitors to be able to choose from airlines that can fly them to different areas in the Philippines because of our liberalized aviation policy. We want these same visitors to encounter world-class facilities and infrastructure on their trips: from the time they step into our airports, to the time they spend on the road travelling to different natural, cultural, and historical landmarks, to their arrival at destinations like the Puerto Princesa Underground River. We need only to match the excellent hospitality of the Filipino people with the same level of infrastructure and facilities. And it is precisely because of the Filipino people that we are working so hard to develop this sector.
Tourism is one of the sectors we are payingparticular attention to, because it is one in which we can successfully pursue our agenda of inclusive growth, given the multiplier effect on jobs and the amount of money it brings into our country. For example, in 2011, foreign tourist receipts amounted to almost three billion dollars—three billion dollars that went to the family-run bed and breakfasts that housed them, to the drivers of their buses and vans, to the owners of souvenir shops, and to many other Filipinos who, in one way or another, cater to tourists. This is where I would once again like to ask for your help. Our Department of Tourism has already done much through its new campaign of “It’s more fun in the Philippines,” which has been launched in different countries.
In fact, your tour has adopted this as its theme; and I can think of no better group to travel under the DOT’s campaign than yours. I have always believed that each Filipino is an ambassador of his country, and perhaps this is true especially for many of you gathered here today. You may have built new lives and found your places in new communities, but you also continue to maintain strong ties to the motherland. You are the ones who have seen and experienced our fiestas and festivals firsthand, you know how warm and accommodating our people are, and you know exactly what the Philippines has to offer.
At the end of the day, it is you that your friends and family in the United States, Canada, and Guam will believe when you tell them, “It’s more fun in the Philippines.” As the tour takes you to different places, I hope that you take plenty of pictures, so you can share all that you see and experience. So, whether through social media, or good, old-fashioned kwentuhan, you can share with others the beautiful beaches of Palawan and Cebu, the historic ruins of Corregidor and Intramuros, and the friendly manongs and manangs who gave you assistance along the way—in this way, inspiring even more people to come and see the Philippines. And before I end my speech, can I just take this opportunity to apprise you of the development in our country.
One of the infrastructure projects that I am really very excited to inaugurate—and this will happen perhaps, the latest, by 2015—is a connector for the North Luzon and South Luzon Expressways. Once established, and we will not have one, we will have actually two, and these are all private efforts. Once that is done, the travel time from Clark in Pampanga to Calamba in Laguna will be reduced to about an hour and fifteen minutes. There is a proposal also for a new nautical highway which willbring down travel time from Luzon to Mindanao using the nautical highway from the current three days to fifteen hours.
[Applause] We expect to be self-sufficient in rice by next year, if not, be the exporter of rice by next year. [Applause] We inherited a classroom shortage of 66,000 classrooms which we expect to complete, finishing the backlog, by next year, at the latest by December, hopefully by June. To include the 64,000 teachers that will teach these classrooms. These indeed are very exciting times for the country made possible by the people’s support.
And with your continued support, we will reach our goals sooner rather than later. Thank you, and I hope you enjoy the rest of your tour.Commencement Address by Steve JobsI am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from college.
Truth be told, this is the closest I’ve ever gotten to a college graduation. I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out? It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption.
She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: “We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?” They said: “Of course.” My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school.
She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college. And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents’ savings were being spent on my college tuition.
After six months, I couldn’t see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK.
Itwas pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn’t interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting. It wasn’t all romantic. I didn’t have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends’ rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5¢ deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple.
I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example: Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed.
Because I had dropped out and didn’t have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can’t capture, and I found it fascinating. None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life.
But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts.
And since Windows just copied the Mac, it’s likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.
Again, you can’t connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something — your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.
Speech of Introduction given by PROF. JESSICA OSING, Guidance Coordinator ofthe WMSU-ILS High School Department during the General PTCA dated July 21, 2011. This day will be noted us to be one of those rare and wonderful moments because of our invited guest. Her name echoes the essence of service, dedication and compassion.
Her achievements even when she was still students are truly commendable as they mirror her great sense of commitment, hard work and passion. Her non-compliance to mediocrity made an indelible mark in the history of our university when she graduated as the First “Summa Cum Laude” in year 1972. Bold-spirited, she hurdled countless challenges in her professional career. Hence, in year 1983, she earned her degree of Doctor of Education from the University of the Philippines, Diliman Campus with her dissertation entitled “Dimensions of Academic Freedom among Social Science Faculty of Higher Education Institutions in Metro Manila.
” Her portfolio of Professional Development and Training is fascinating as each experience gives life to her being a woman for others and a woman of God. To name a few, she had a training in Moral Development and Education in the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA. She is also a part of the group study Exchange Program to North New Jersey,USA. In 2006, our speaker had a training in fund-raising and communication at the University of Tunku Abdul Rahman,Petaling Jaya,Malaysia.
She is a precious gem of the University. She has held various positions from being a director, dean, vice-president and eventually President of this institution. Being a mother of three equally gifted children is a glory she always keep. Undoubtedly, she is a loving wife and a praise-worthy homemaker.
A woman I personally admire because of her wisdom, generous heart, caring spirit and unconquerable principle. Please join me in welcoming Dr. Grace C. Jimeno-Rebollos.
Presentation Speech by Professor J.P. Klason, President of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, on December 10, 1906 Your Majesty, Your Royal Highnesses, Ladies and Gentlemen.Every day that passes witnesses electricity obtaining an ever-increasing importance in practical life.
The conceptions, which a few decades ago were the subject of investigation in the quiet studies or laboratories of sundry learned men, have by this time become the property of the public at large, who will soon be as familiar with them as with their ordinary weights andmeasures. Still greater however are the revolutions brought about by electricians’ labors in the sphere of science. Immediately after Örsted’s epochmaking discovery of the influence of the electric current on a magnetic needle (1820), Ampere, the ingenious French investigator, promulgated a theory explaining magnetic phenomena as results of electrical agencies. The investigations of Maxwell, the brilliantly gifted Scotch physicist (1873), were still more far-reaching in their effect, for by them the phenomenon of light was proved to be dependent upon electromagnetic undulatory movements in the ether.
There is reason to believe that the grand discoveries of the last few years respecting the discharge of electricity through gases will prove to be of equally great, or perhaps still greater, importance, throwing as they do a great deal of light upon our conception of matter. In this domain Professor J.J. Thomson of Cambridge, this year’s Prize-winner in Physics, has made most valuable contributions through his investigations and researches, which he has assiduously pursued for many years past.
By Faraday’s great discovery in the year 1834 it had been shown that every atom carries an electric charge as large as that of the atom of hydrogen gas, or else a simple multiple of it corresponding to the chemical valency of the atom. It was, then, natural to speak, with the immortal Helmholtz, of an elementary charge or, as it is also called, an atom of electricity, as the quantity of electricity inherent in an atom of hydrogen gas in its chemical combinations.Faraday’s law may be expressed thus, that a gram of hydrogen, or a quantity equivalent thereto of some other chemical element, carries an electric charge of 28,950 x 1010 electrostatic units. Now if we only knew how many hydrogen atoms there are in a gram, we could calculate how large a charge there is in every hydrogen atom.
The kinetic gas theory, a field of investigation as popular as any among the scientists of the century recently ended, is based upon the assumption that the gases consist of freely moving molecules, the impact of which on the walls of the encompassing vessel is recognizable as the pressure of the gas. From this the velocity of the gas molecules could be calculated with great accuracy. From the velocity with which one gas diffuses in another, and from other closely allied phenomena,it was further possible to calculate the volume of space occupied by the molecules, and by that means the investigator was enabled to form an idea of the mass of the molecules and consequently of the number of molecules to be found in one gram of a chemical substance, such as, e.g.
hydrogen. The figures thus obtained could not however lay claim to any great amount of accuracy and were regarded by many scientists as purely conjectural. If it had been possible to calculate the number of molecules in a drop of water by the aid of an exceedingly powerful microscope, the case would of course have been quite otherwise. But there was not the remotest hope of the investigator ever being successful in doing that, and thus the existence of the molecules was regarded as very problematical.
If from the figures quoted by the champions of the kinetic gas-theory as the most probable ones for the sizes of molecules and atoms we calculate how large a quantity of electricity is carried by one hydrogen atom, we arrive at the conclusion that the atom charge lies between 1,3 X 10-10 and 6,1 X 10-10 electrostatic units.What no one regarded as probable has however been achieved by J.J. Thomson by devious methods.
Richard von Helmholtz found out, as long ago as 1887 that electrically charged small particles possess the remarkable property of condensing steam around them. J.J. Thomson and his pupil C.
T.R. Wilson took up the study of this phenomenon. By the aid of Röntgen rays they procured some electrically charged small particles in air.
Thomson assumes that each of those particles carries an electrical unit charge. By electrical measurements he was able to determine how great the electric charge was in a given quantity of air. Then, by means of a sudden expansion of the air, which was saturated with steam, he effected a condensation of the steam on the electrically charged small particles, the size of which he could calculate from the velocity with which they sank. Now as he knew the amount of water condensed and the size of each drop, it was not difficult to calculate the number of drops.
That number was the same as that of the electrically charged small particles. Having before determined the total quantity of electricity in the vessel, he could easily reckon out what quantity there was in each drop or, previously, in every small particle, that is to say the atomic charge. That was thus found to be 3,4 x 10 -10electrostatic units. This value is very close to the mean of the values previously obtained by the kinetic gas-theory, rendering the correctness of these different measurements and the accuracy of the reasoning employed in their determination in a very high degree probable.
Now, even if Thomson has not actually beheld the atoms, he has nevertheless achieved work commensurable therewith, by having directly observed the quantity of electricity carried by each atom. By the aid of this observation the number has been determined of the molecules in a cubic centimeter of gas at a temperature of zero and under the pressure of one atmosphere; that is to say, there has been thereby calculated what is perhaps the most fundamental natural constant in the material world. That number amounts to not less than forty trillions (40 x 1018 By means of a series of exceedingly ingenious experiments, Professor Thomson, aided by his numerous pupils, has determined the most important properties (such as mass and velocity under the influence of a given force), of these electrically charged small particles, which are produced in gases by various methods, e.g.
by Röntgen rays, Becquerel rays, ultraviolet light, needle-point discharge and incandescent metals. The most remarkable of these electrically charged small particles are those constituting the cathode rays in highly rarefied gases. These small particles are called electrons and have been made the object of very thorough-going researches on the part of a large number of investigators, foremost of who are Lenard, last year’s Nobel Prize winner in Physics, and J.J.
Thomson. These small particles are to be met with also in the so-called ß-rays, emitted by certain radioactive substances. Assuming, on the basis of Thomson’s above-mentioned work, that they carry the negative unit charge, we are led to the result that they possess about a thousand times less mass than the least atoms hitherto known, viz. the atoms of hydrogen gas.
On the other hand, the least positively charged small particles we know are, according to Thomson’s, Wien’s and other investigators’ calculations, of the same order in mass as ordinary atoms. Now, seeing that all substances yet examined are capable of giving off negatively charged electrons, Thomson was led by these circumstances to assume that the negative charge in theelectrons has a real existence, whereas the charge of the positive small particles arises from a neutral atom losing one or more negative electrons with their charges. Thomson has herewith given an actual physical import to the view put forward in 1747 by Benjamin Franklin that there is only one kind of electricity, a view eagerly championed too by Edlund. The actually existing electricity is negative electricity, according to Thomson.
As early as 1892 Thomson had shown that a charged body moving forward is thereby in possession of an electromagnetic energy, which produces the effect of the mass of the body being increased. From experiments carried out by Kaufmann regarding the velocity of ß-rays from radium, Thomson concluded that the negative electrons do not possess any real, but only an apparent, mass due to their electric charge.It might now be considered reasonable to assume that all matter is built up of negative electrons, and that consequently mass in matter was apparent and really depended on the effect of electric forces. An experiment of very great interest has moreover been made in this direction by Thomson, but his investigations of most recent date in the present year (1906) seem to intimate that only about a thousandth part of the material is apparent and due to electric forces.
Professor Thomson. As you are aware, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award you the Nobel Prize in Physics for this year.I am at a loss to explain how it is, but somehow or another the contemplation of the work you have achieved has revived in my mind a passage in the famous essay on Socrates by Xenophon, a work which you too no doubt perused in your youth. The author tells us that every time conversation turned upon the elements of the Earth, Socrates would say “of these matters we know nothing”.
Will the sagacity which Socrates displayed in this answer and which has been approved by all ages up to and including our own, continue to be acknowledged as the conclusion of the whole matter? Who shall say? One thing we all know, and that is, that every great period of Natural Philosophy has evolved elements of its own, and furthermore we seem to feel as though we might be at the threshold of a new such period with newelements.In the name and on behalf of our Academy I congratulate you upon having bestowed upon the world some of the main works which are enabling the natural philosopher of our time to take up new enquiries in new directions. You have thus been worthily treading in the footsteps of your great and renowned compatriots, Faraday and Maxwell, men who set to the world of science the highest and noblest examples.Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance SpeechYour Majesty, Members of the Nobel Committee, Brothers and Sisters.
I am very happy to be here with you today to receive the Nobel Prize for Peace. I feel honored, humbled and deeply moved that you should give this important prize to a simple monk from Tibet I am no one special. But I believe the prize is a recognition of the true value of altruism, love, compassion and non-violence which I try to practice, in accordance with the teachings of the Buddha and the great sages of India and TibetI accept the prize with profound gratitude on behalf of the oppressed everywhere and for all those who struggle for freedom and work for world peace. I accept it as a tribute to the man who founded the modern tradition of non-violent action for change Mahatma Gandhi whose life taught and inspired me.
And, of course, I accept it on behalf of the six million Tibetan people, my brave countrymen and women inside Tibet, who have suffered and continue to suffer so much. They confront a calculated and systematic strategy aimed at the destruction of their national and cultural identities. The prize reaffirms our conviction that with truth, courage and determination as our weapons, Tibet will be liberated.No matter what part of the world we come from, we are all basically the same human beings.
We all seek happiness and try to avoid suffering. We have the same basic human needs and is concerns. All of us human beings want freedom and the right to determine our own destiny as individuals and as peoples. That is human nature.
The great changes that are taking place everywhere inthe world, from Eastern Europe to Africa are a clear indication of this.In China the popular movement for democracy was crushed by brutal force in June this year. But I do not believe the demonstrations were in vain, because the spirit of freedom was rekindled among the Chinese people and China cannot escape the impact of this spirit of freedom sweeping many parts of the world. The brave students and their supporters showed the Chinese leadership and the world the human face of that great nation.
Last week a number of Tibetans were once again sentenced to prison terms of up to nineteen years at a mass show trial, possibly intended to frighten the population before today’s event. Their only ‘crime” was the expression of the widespread desire of Tibetans for the restoration of their beloved country’s independence.The suffering of our people during the past forty years of occupation is well documented. Ours has been a long struggle.
We know our cause is just because violence can only breed more violence and suffering, our struggle must remain non-violent and free of hatred. We are trying to end the suffering of our people, not to inflict suffering upon others.It is with this in mind that I proposed negotiations between Tibet and China on numerous occasions. In 1987, I made specific proposals in a Five-Point plan for the restoration of peace and human rights in Tibet.
This included the conversion of the entire Tibetan plateau into a Zone of Ahimsa, a sanctuary of peace and non-violence where human beings and nature can live in peace and harmony.Last year, I elaborated on that plan in Strasbourg, at the European Parliament I believe the ideas I expressed on those occasions are both realistic. and reasonable although they have been criticized by some of my people as being too conciliatory. Unfortunately, China’s leaders have not responded positively to the suggestions we have made, which included important concessions.
If this continues we will be compelled to reconsider our position.Any relationship between Tibet and China will have to be based on the principle of equality, respect, trust and mutual benefit. It will also have to be based on the principle which the wise rulers of Tibet and of China laid down in a treaty as early as 823 AD, carved on the pillar which still stands today in front of the Jokhang, Tibet’s holiest shrine, in Lhasa, that “Tibetans will live happily in the great land of Tibet, and the Chinese will live happily in the great land of China”.As a Buddhist monk, my concern extends to all members of the human family and, indeed, to all sentient beings who suffer.
I believe all suffering is caused by ignorance. People inflict pain on others in the selfish pursuit of their happiness or satisfaction. Yet true happiness comes from a sense of brotherhood and sisterhood. We need to cultivate a universal responsibility for one another and the planet we share.
Although I have found my own Buddhist religion helpful in generating love and com passion, even for those we consider our enemies, I am convinced that everyone can develop a good heart and a sense of universal responsibility with or without religion.With the ever growing impact of science on our lives, religion and spirituality have a greater role to play reminding us of our humanity. There is no contradiction between the two. Each gives us valuable insights into the other.
Both science and the teachings of the Buddha tell us of the fundamental unity of all things. This understanding is crucial if we are to take positive and decisive action on the pressing global concern with the environment.I believe all religions pursue the same goals, that of cultivating human goodness and bringing happiness to all human beings. Though the means might appear different the ends are the same.
As we enter the final decade of this century I am optimistic that the ancient values that have sustained mankind are today reaffirming themselves to prepare us for a kinder, happier twenty-first century.I pray for all of us, oppressor and friend, that together we succeed in building a better world through human under-standing and love, and that in doing so we may reduce the pain and suffering of all sentient beings.Thank you.Farewell Speech for BossLadies and Gentleman,Why can’t we get all the people together in the world that we really like and then just stay together? I guess that wouldn’t work.
Someone would leave. Someone always leaves. Then we would have to say good-bye. I hate good-byes.
I need more hellos. I need more hellos from the person who always taught me the qualities and strategies to achieve my achievements. “How lucky I am to have something that makes saying goodbye so hard.” These are the words of Carol Sobieski and Thomas Meehan, Annie and I would like to dedicate these words to my boss, Mr Rahul.
I’m proud to be here today as someone who has worked under Mr. Rahul. He, who has always been an Ideal for me, is leaving our organization today. I still remember the day 10th May 2009 when he introduced himself as team manager.
I am proud to announce you that within this short time frame of just 2 years he achieved a lot of designations and respect from all the employees. Under his management, there has never been a day when I woke up feeling that I didn’t want to go to work. Ambitious, analytical, cheerful, focused, intelligent, motivated, and a lot of qualities like this he had shown and taught us many things by being a successful team leader. He was always there to give us guidance at the start of a project, so that only few things go wrong in the end.
When things did go wrong, he would help out and support his staff, and not point the finger at them. I still remember those days when he spent a lot of money for the parties just to make us happy. There was not a single day when I felt bored to be in this organization. He understood all our problems and tried to solve them.
A moral support was always in his hands to share with us. His passion for serving the nation is also moving. He often reminded us that our real clients were the public, not other departments whom we serviced. I have never had such a good boss before.
Most of my other bosses have been pretty decent too, but this one is exceptional. He helped me to fly. You have set agreat example for many of us as a mentor and a boss. Thanks Mr.
Rahul for all those sweet memories which we shared together in this organization and I wish you a very good luck for your future. I don’t understand that why does it take a minute to say hello and forever to say goodbye? And at last I would say that—May you always have work for your hands to do,May your pockets always hold a coin or two.May the sun shine bright on your windowpane,May the rainbow be certain to follow each rain.May the hand of a friend always be near you,And may God fill your heart with gladness to cheer you.
May the sun shine, all day long,everything go right, and nothing wrong.May those you love bring love back to you,and may all the wishes you wish come true!Thank youSpeech for Dedication of the New Mexico Highlands University Science Building by: Dr. Michael PravicaNovember, 2002Las Vegas, New MexicoGreetings distinguished guests, members of the University community and members of the local community at large.As one who is passionately dedicated to the cause of bettering our society via education, I am deeply honored to have been chosen to speak on behalf of my department (Math and Computer sciences) on the dedication of our new Science Building.
Let me first discuss why we so desperately need such a science center for Highlands and an invigoration for our programs. Today, our nation is in crisis. Our students are not being properly prepared for careers in science, engineering, and mathematics. Yet our nation’s security and economic prosperity are contingent upon maintaining our nation’s excellence in science, math, and engineering and producing highly trained specialists in these fields so that they can continue to push the envelopeof human understanding through research and development.
Currently, many of our scientists and engineers are imported. If we can’t train our own home-grown scientists and engineers, it is then only a matter of time before our society will lose its preeminence in research and development which will have catastrophic ramifications on our ability to produce the most novel and innovative technologies upon which we all thrive and for which we are the envy of the world. We are leaving the world in a worse situation for our children than it has been in the past. It is up to our generation and future generations to deal with impending natural crises which only science can solve.
Let us consider some of these problems. For example, global warming has the serious potential to make the Earth’s atmosphere akin to Venus’ which would likely destroy all life on this planet. Acid rain, ozone layer depletion and improper disposal of chemical wastes are all symptoms of the poisoning of our bioshpere and have seriously harmed wildlife and humans. Our ever-diminishing resources of fossil fuels and our dependence on imported energy will require us to seek alternative energy sources such as solar, wind, hydrogen, hydro and nuclear power, and perhaps someday limitless fusion.
Water is becoming an ever-scarce resource that we can no longer take for granted. Global weather changes have resulted in tremendous drought the world over and overwhelming flooding elsewhere. Endless terrorist threats to our country have also found us relying on scientists, mathematicians, and engineers to seek solutions to improve our national security as the lessons from 9/11 teach us that the price of democracy is eternal vigilance. Finally, as we overpopulate this tiny planet, our only home, we further stress all life existing upon it and must find ways to not only coexist with other life forms so we don’t destroy them, but to more efficiently and responsibly harness Earth’s abundant yet limited natural resources and perhaps God-willing, travel to other planets in our solar system and beyond.
Science and the language we use to communicate science (math) teach us not only humility but also reason and realism which will most certainly be required if we are to survive in the 21st Century and beyond. Now that I have discussed why we need to support science, engineering, and math, let me discuss why we need this science building more than ever. New Mexico has some of the most brilliant, talented and highly-trained people in the world with national labs that continue to stunand wow the world with their intellectual achievements. Yet, New Mexico’s educational systems from primary all the way up to University are among the poorest-funded and poorest-quality in the nation.
This is inexcusable. Students from Northern New Mexico (and the rest of the state for that matter) are just as good as students anywhere else in this nation. They deserve every opportunity to be guided, encouraged to excel and eventually succeed in science, math, and engineering should they wish it and to be allowed contribute as patriotic Americans to this country’s greatness by helping their nation where it needs it most – in the hard sciences and engineering. New Mexico Highlands University is one of a small minority of institutions in the nation that are minority-serving.
The US government has committed itself to assisting under-represented minorities as its support for this building attests. It is therefore with great optimism and hope that I believe New Mexico’s business, social and political leaders will also realize and understand the need to support science, math and engineering like never before and will continue to strive to make New Mexico Highlands University an even greater institution than it is currently. The problems that Highlands is currently suffering from are not insurmountable but we need your help. I also call upon members of our local community at large to take up the cause of science, math and engineering and to help us fill this building with eager students who will carry with them the hopes and desires of an entire nation.
Thank you for your time!ADDRESS BYHON’BLE SRI JUSTICE RAJESH KUMAR AGRAWAL,ACTING CHIEF JUSTICE,IN REPLY TO THE WELCOME ADDRESS.MADRAS HIGH COURT – 07.02.2013Vanakkam.
My esteemed Brother and Sister Judges, my colleagues from the Allahabad High Court, the Advocate General, the Additional Solicitors General of India, President and other Office bearers of the various advocates associations, Senior Advocates, members from the Bar, Judicial Officers, Officers and staff of the High Court Registry, ladies and gentlemen,Let me begin by saying Mikka Nandri (Thank you) for welcoming me so warmly to Chennai. I amreminded of a story associated with the settling down of Parsis inIndia. It is said that when the Parsis first arrived to the Court of King JadiRana in present day Gujarat and requested asylum, the King was not willingto accept them in his kingdom. Since language barriers prevented the King from properly communicating with the Parsis, he put forward a glass full of milk before the Parsis, to tell them he had no space for them.
In response, one of the Parsis added a pinch of sugar to the milk, to show the King that they would not make his kingdom overflow but would add to its richness. It is said that this gesture won the heart of the King, who then permitted the Parsis to permanently settle in his kingdom. I hope that you all will treat me as the humble Parsis, and give me a place in your hearts. During my tenure, I hope to imbibe your rich culture and conduct.
I am aware of the great heritage of the Madras High Court. Tallest leaders of the Bar have walked its corridors for more than 150 years; this Court has produced some of the greatest Judges India has ever had. But much as the past achievements give us great pride, they cast a greater responsibility upon us to continuously improve ourselves and lift those achievements even higher. Adding to the glory of this Court, not only maintaining it, is our collective responsibility.
We all know that an institution is revered not because of the bald structure in brick and mortar, but because of the deeds of the persons who constitute it, and the manner in which those deeds serve the public at large. Each one of us must commit to add to the richness of this institution. We must ensure that the Madras High Court retains its pre-eminent position as a seat of justice, and for that, both the Bench and the Bar will have to work together. I may remind my Brothers and Sisters on the Bench about what Socrates said is our bounden duty: that a Judge must hear courteously, answer wisely, consider soberly, and decide impartially.
But I must invite attention of the members of the Bar to a simple fact: all of what we do at the Bench is really dependent upon your work at the Bar. We hear and consider what you submit. Unless you, through your diligence and sincere work, give us the necessary assistance, we cannot answer wisely. Our wisdom is dependent upon your advice.
Our judgments reflect the assistance we have received at the Bar.I may only say that you have amongst you, some of the finest legalprofessionals in the country. When I read some of the judgments delivered by this Court in the law journals, I greatly admire the ingenuity of some of the arguments and appreciate the thoroughness with which they have been addressed in the judgments.I only wish to play my part in upholding the high traditions of this Court, and hope that we will, together, continue on this path to progress.
Thank You!Informative SpeechAn informative speech provides information about a specific subject to an audience. The aim of an informative speech is to help your audience to understand and to remember the information you are presenting.Demonstrative SpeechA demonstration speech is a speech, which pursues a practical goal of instructing the audience how to perform an action easily and effectively. A demonstration speech is a complex one since a speaker combines verbal explanations, visual aids and practical showing.
With the help of a demonstration speech one can teach how to acquire a skill, accomplish some procedure, and understand the nature of a process.Persuasive SpeechIt involves directing, guiding, or appealing to the thinking, logic or emotions of an individual or an audience. The goal is to help the listeners to accept the idea, attitude, or action being presented by the speaker. It is accomplished by the use of argumentation, rationalization, symbolism, and presenting supportive information.
Entertainment SpeechAn entertainment speech basically focuses on the theme of the entertainment occasion. The introduction, main body and conclusion should be suitable to the context and the audience present. If you are making an entertainment speech you need to be interesting and humorous. Welcome SpeechA welcome speech is a speech given by someone in order to welcome someone newinto the company, party, organization, school, etc.
They are usually given in a positive light, sharing the qualities of the newcomer and letting the newcomer know they are welcome and can receive support from the group. Speech of CourtesyIt is a speech that is given either as a personal obligation or on behalf of an organization. It is usually use for different occasions such as awards day, acceptance of an honor, arrival or departure of a visiting official and an inauguration. Speech of IntroductionIt is design to present a featured speaker to this audience.
It is aimed at creating audiences’ respect to the speaker by magnifying the speaker’s notable accomplishments or achievements. Response to a Welcome SpeechContains an appreciation of the significance of the occasion expressed with suitable cordiality and dignity. It is impromptu like a speech accepting a gift. Speech of PresentationIt is concerned with the review of the accomplishments of 6the recipient.
It is addressed not just to the awardees but also to the audience. Acceptance SpeechAn acceptance speech is written to provide an expression of gratitude for some form of award. An award is a symbol signifying approval or distinction or an honor or reward which has been given on the basis of merit, for excellence in a specific field. Courtesy requires that sometimes an acceptance speech is necessary in response to such an honor.
Easier said than done! You will need to sound grateful but not condescending, modest but not retiring and humble and not arrogant. Speech of FarewellIt contains the wish to express his regrets about leaving. It is free to reminisce about the past and express appreciation for courtesies, honors and friendships. Speech of DedicationIt connects the past with the future and at the same time aim to inspire.
It emphasizes that an edifice, whether it is a church or a theater, embodies human hopes and aspirations. Commencement SpeechCommencement speech is given by a student of a high school, college or university to a graduating class and their guests. A graduation speech is written to celebrate past experiences, accomplishments and future hopes. This type of speech should also be short and fun – remember to try to inject some humor!Eduardo L.
Joson Memorial CollegesSingalat, Palayan CityS.Y. 2013-2014es and Their ExamplesPrepared by:Ryan G. JadlongBSBA-2CPrepared to:Mrs.
Rosa De GuzmanInstructress
