Between 500 BCE and 1400 CE, the Middle East, Russia, and Asia in the Indian Ocean regions experienced significant economic, cultural, and political transformations due to Mongol rule. The influence of the Mongolians was deeply impactful and marked by acts of violence and aggression. Politically, during the 13th Century, they exerted control over all Chinese dynasties in China, conquered the Abbasid in the Middle East while allowing local rulers to govern independently, and defeated the Malmuks – a slave dynasty in Egypt – in 1260.
In the 14th century, taxes were levied on various regions, such as the Chinese in the Yuan dynasty, Middle East Asians in the Abbasid dynasty, and Russians under the Golden Horde’s rule by the Mongols. During the 15th century, a cultural unity emerged throughout Asia and Europe with extensive territories falling under Mongol dominion, resulting in what is known as the Mongolian Peace. Nonetheless, certain elements endured amidst these historical transformations. The Silk Road continued to serve as a significant trade route that facilitated long-distance travel for commerce. The quest for expansion and access to exotic commodities like silk and spices remained constant over time.
< p >Trade has historically played a crucial role in promoting cultural exchange and interaction among dynasties and diverse groups of people. It has facilitated the discovery and understanding of various religions, cultures, and languages. The Mongol rule had different consequences on different regions: some were directly governed by the Mongols, while others retained autonomy but had to pay taxes under their supervision. Nevertheless, all regions underwent the influence of the Mongols, leading to alterations in their cultural practices, religions, and languages.< /p >
