This chapter explains about the procedure of installing steel bordering constituent and to place the safety facet and the demand during the installing procedure of steel bordering constituent at site and to place the degree of safety during installing procedure at site.
For this chapter, definition and description of Industrialised Building System will be given. Beside that this chapter besides included history of IBS in Malaysia, installing procedure, safety demand during the installing work and more.
2.1.1 Industrialised Building System ( IBS )
Industrialised Building System is a engineering of building which there are manufactured in controlled environment, either at off site or site. And so merely transported, positioned and assembled into the building works ( CIDB 2012 ) . There are five chief IBS groups identified in Malaysia, there are:
Precast Concrete Framing, Panel and Box System
Steel Framing System
Formwork System
Block Work System
Prefabricated Timber Framing System
( CIDB 2012 ) .
There are few definition of IBS harmonizing to few research workers.
IBS is the method of building developed due to human investing in invention and on rethinking the best manner of building work bringings based on the degree of industrialization ( Abdullah and Egbu 2009 ) .
IBS is defined as an organizational procedure continuity of production, connoting a steady flow of standardization, demand, integrating of the different phases of the whole production procedure, a high grade of administration of work, and mechanization to replace human labor wherever possible ( Hassim et. al 2009 ) .
IBS is defined as a mass production of edifice constituents, either in mill or at site, harmonizing to the specification with a standard form and dimensions and so transporting them to the building site to be re-arranged to a certain criterion to organize a edifice ( Chung 2007 ) .
IBS is defined as a construct of mass production of quality edifice by utilizing new constructing systems and mill produced edifice constituent ( Badir et.al 2002 )
IBS besides defined as a new building method that can increase the quality and productiveness of work through the usage of better equipment, stuffs, works and machinery and extended undertaking planning ( Haron et.al 2005 ) .
Zulkefle ( 2007 ) defined IBS as a set of interconnected elements that act together to enable the designated public presentation of a edifice.
Therefore, from the information I get they say that Industrialised Building System ( IBS ) is a procedure of the steel frame constituent are manufactured in the mill with standard demand and so transported to the occupation site for installing to be assemble together to organize a edifice.
Other than that, it is interesting to observe that the term Industrialised Building System ” ( IBS ) is frequently misunderstand as systems limited merely for building of edifice. But IBS really covers all types of constructions as the word edifice really related to constuction ( Shaari and Elias 2003 ) .
2.1.2 History of IBS in Malaysia
IBS in Malaysia begun in the early 1960 ‘s when Ministry of Housing and Local Government of Malaysia visited several European states and measure their lodging development plan ( Thanoon et.al,2003 ) .
After their successful visit in 1964, the first undertaking utilizing IBS had started by the authorities. The purposes were to built quality and low-cost house and rush up the bringing clip. About 22.7 estates of land along the Jalan Pekeliling, Kuala Lumpur was dedicated to the undertaking consisting 7 blocks of 17 narratives level, 3000 units of low-priced level and 40 stores lot. This undertaking was awarded to JV Gammon & A ; Larsen and Neilsen utilizing big panel precast concrete wall and board slabs. The undertaking was completed within 27 month including the clip taken in the building of RM2.5 million projecting pace at Jalan Damansara ( CIDB, 2006 ; CIDB, 2003 and Thanoon et Al, 2003 ) .
In 1965, the 2nd lodging undertaking initiated by the authorities comprise of 6 blocks of 17 narratives flats and 3 block of 18 narratives flats at Jalan Fifle Range, Penang. The undertaking was awarded to Hochtief and Chee Seng utilizing Gallic Estoit System ( CIDB,2006 ; CIDB, 203 and Din, 1984 )
Another earliest IBS undertaking was at Taman Tun Sardon, Penang ( 1,000 units of five floors walk up falt ) . IBS precast constituent and system in the undertaking was designed by British Research Establishment for low cost lodging ( precast system ) . A similar system was constructed at Edmonton, North London. About 20,000 precast homes were constructed throughout UK from 1964 to 1974 ( CIDB, 2006 ) . However, the edifice design was really basic and non sing the facet of serviceableness such as the local demands to hold wet lavatory and bathroom ( Rahman and Omar, 2006 ) .
Many building in the undermentioned old ages utilised precast wall panel system. One can detect that IBS was engage at first topographic point in the building of low cost high rise residential edifice to get the better of the increasing demand for lodging demands ( CIDB, 2006 ) . However, the industrialization of building at the earlier phase was ne’er sustained. Failure of early closed fabricated system made the industry participants afraid of altering building method. Some of the foreign systems that were introduced during late sixties and 70s were besides found non to be suited with Malaysia societal patterns and clime ( CIDB, 2005 ) .
Newer and better engineerings were invariably being introduced in the market. Wet joint systems were identified to be more suited to be used in our tropical clime. It besides was better to utilised the bathroom types which comparatively wetter than those in Europe ( CIDB, 2005 ) . In 1978. the Penang State Government launched another 1200 units of lodging utilizing prefabrication engineering. Two twelvemonth subsequently, the Ministry of Defence Adopted big prefabricated panel building system for building 2800 units of living one-fourth at Lumut Naval Base 9 Trikha and Ali, 2004 ) . During the period of early 80s up to 90s the usage of structural steel constituents turn peculiarly in high rise edifice in Kuala Lumpur. The use of steel construction gained much attending with the building of 36 storey Dayabumi composite that was completed in 1984 by Takenaka Corporation of Japan ( CIDB, 2003 and CIDB, 2006 ) .
In the 90s, demand for the new township has seen the addition in the usage of precast concrete system in high rise residential edifices. Between 1981 to 1993, Perbadanan Kemajuan Negeri Selangor ( PKNS ) as province authorities development bureau acquired precast concrete engineering from Praton Haus International. It was based on Germany to construct low cost house and high cost cottage for the new townships in Selangor ( CIDB, 2003 and Hassim et al.2009 ) . It was recorded around 52,000 lodging units was constructed utilizing Praton Haus system ( Trikha and Ali, 2004 ) .
In the booing period of Malayan building 1994 to 1997, intercrossed IBS application used in many national iconic landmarks such as Kuala Lumpur Convention Center, Bukit Jalil Sport Complex constructed utilizing steel beam and roof trusses and precast concrete. Other than that, Lightweight Railway Train ( LRT ) and KL Sentral was constructed by utilizing steel roof construction and precast hallow nucleus. While KL Towe was built by utilizing steel beams and column for tower caput. Kula Lumpur International Airport ( KLIA ) was contructed by steel roof construction and Petronas Twin Towers was 9 steel beams and steel decking for the floor system. ( CIDB, 2006 )
The local IBS makers were mushrooming, althrough yet to run in full capacity. The current IBS systems used in Malaysia lodging undertakings are steel frame, precast frame, formwork frame and big panel system. These system is mostly used for private residential undertaking in Shah Alam, Wangsa maju, and Pandan ( Sarja, 1998 ) , Dua Residency in Kuala Lumpur, Taman Mount Austin and Tongkang Pecah in Johor ( CIDB,2006 ) .
The new coevals of edifice that utilized IBS is better every bit compared to conventional method in term of velocity, cost, quality and architectural visual aspect. Steel frame, precast panel and other IBS systems were used intercrossed building technique to build authorities edifice ( CIDB, 2006 ) .
